Chip War
The Quest to Dominate the World's Most Critical Technology
Échec de l'ajout au panier.
Échec de l'ajout à la liste d'envies.
Échec de la suppression de la liste d’envies.
Échec du suivi du balado
Ne plus suivre le balado a échoué
Acheter pour 26,21 $
Aucun mode de paiement valide enregistré.
Nous sommes désolés. Nous ne pouvons vendre ce titre avec ce mode de paiement
-
Narrateur(s):
-
Stephen Graybill
-
Auteur(s):
-
Chris Miller
À propos de cet audio
One of Barack Obama’s Favorite Books of 2023
The Financial Times Business Book of the Year, this epic account of the decades-long battle to control one of the world’s most critical resources—microchip technology—with the United States and China increasingly in fierce competition is “pulse quickening…a nonfiction thriller” (The New York Times).
You may be surprised to learn that microchips are the new oil—the scarce resource on which the modern world depends. Today, military, economic, and geopolitical power are built on a foundation of computer chips. Virtually everything—from missiles to microwaves—runs on chips, including cars, smartphones, the stock market, even the electric grid. Until recently, America designed and built the fastest chips and maintained its lead as the #1 superpower, but America’s edge is in danger of slipping, undermined by players in Taiwan, Korea, and Europe taking over manufacturing. Now, as Chip War reveals, China, which spends more on chips than any other product, is pouring billions into a chip-building initiative to catch up to the US. At stake is America’s military superiority and economic prosperity.
Economic historian Chris Miller explains how the semiconductor came to play a critical role in modern life and how the US became dominant in chip design and manufacturing and applied this technology to military systems. America’s victory in the Cold War and its global military dominance stems from its ability to harness computing power more effectively than any other power. Until recently, China had been catching up, aligning its chip-building ambitions with military modernization.
Illuminating, timely, and fascinating, Chip War is “an essential and engrossing landmark study" (London Times).
Vous pourriez aussi aimer...
-
Influence Empire
- The Story of Tencent and China's Tech Ambition
- Auteur(s): Lulu Yilun Chen
- Narrateur(s): Richard Burnip, Lulu Yilum Chen
- Durée: 9 h et 9 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
In 2019, a Chinese entity called Tencent overtook Facebook to become the world's fifth-largest company. It was a watershed moment, a wake-up call for those in the West accustomed to regarding the global tech industry through the prism of Silicon Valley: Facebook, Google, Apple and Microsoft. Yet to many of the two billion-plus people who live just across the Pacific Ocean, it came as no surprise at all.
Auteur(s): Lulu Yilun Chen
-
The Power Law
- Venture Capital and the Making of the New Future
- Auteur(s): Sebastian Mallaby
- Narrateur(s): Will Damron
- Durée: 16 h et 53 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
Innovations rarely come from “experts.” Elon Musk was not an “electric car person” before he started Tesla. When it comes to improbable innovations, a legendary tech VC told Sebastian Mallaby, the future cannot be predicted, it can only be discovered. It is the nature of the venture-capital game that most attempts at discovery fail, but a very few succeed at such a scale that they more than make up for everything else. That extreme ratio of success and failure is the power law that drives the VC business, all of Silicon Valley, the wider tech sector, and, by extension, the world.
Auteur(s): Sebastian Mallaby
-
Going Infinite
- The Rise and Fall of a New Tycoon
- Auteur(s): Michael Lewis
- Narrateur(s): Michael Lewis
- Durée: 9 h et 35 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
When Michael Lewis first met him, Sam Bankman-Fried was the world’s youngest billionaire and crypto’s Gatsby. CEOs, celebrities, and leaders of small countries all vied for his time and cash after he catapulted, practically overnight, onto the Forbes billionaire list. Who was this rumpled guy in cargo shorts and limp white socks, whose eyes twitched across Zoom meetings as he played video games on the side?
-
-
He loves SBF too much
- Écrit par Samuel Carvalho le 2023-10-07
Auteur(s): Michael Lewis
-
The Coming Wave
- Technology, Power, and the Twenty-First Century's Greatest Dilemma
- Auteur(s): Mustafa Suleyman, Michael Bhaskar - contributor
- Narrateur(s): Mustafa Suleyman
- Durée: 11 h et 48 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
We are approaching a critical threshold in the history of our species. Everything is about to change. Soon you will live surrounded by AIs. They will organize your life, operate your business, and run core government services. You will live in a world of DNA printers and quantum computers, engineered pathogens and autonomous weapons, robot assistants and abundant energy. None of us are prepared.
-
-
An AI MUST READ
- Écrit par Aylan C le 2024-04-28
Auteur(s): Mustafa Suleyman, Autres
-
Power and Prediction
- The Disruptive Economics of Artificial Intelligence
- Auteur(s): Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, Avi Goldfarb
- Narrateur(s): Tom Beyer
- Durée: 10 h et 7 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
In their bestselling first book, Prediction Machines, eminent economists Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb explained the simple yet game-changing economics of AI. Now, in Power and Prediction, they go deeper, examining the most basic unit of analysis: the decision. The authors explain that the two key decision-making ingredients are prediction and judgment, and we perform both together in our minds, often without realizing it.
-
-
Some great nuggets in here
- Écrit par Consumer le 2023-03-22
Auteur(s): Ajay Agrawal, Autres
-
Danger Zone
- The Coming Conflict with China
- Auteur(s): Hal Brands, Michael Beckley
- Narrateur(s): Nancy Wu
- Durée: 8 h et 26 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
The Sino-American contest is driven by clashing geopolitical interests and a stark ideological dispute over whether authoritarianism or democracy will dominate the twenty-first century. But both history and China's current trajectory suggest that this rivalry will reach its moment of maximum danger in the 2020s. The Chinese challenge will most likely prove more manageable than many pessimists currently believe—but during the 2020s, the pace of Sino-American conflict will accelerate, and the prospect of war will be frighteningly real.
-
-
China bad West good
- Écrit par Amazon Customer le 2024-07-22
Auteur(s): Hal Brands, Autres
-
Influence Empire
- The Story of Tencent and China's Tech Ambition
- Auteur(s): Lulu Yilun Chen
- Narrateur(s): Richard Burnip, Lulu Yilum Chen
- Durée: 9 h et 9 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
In 2019, a Chinese entity called Tencent overtook Facebook to become the world's fifth-largest company. It was a watershed moment, a wake-up call for those in the West accustomed to regarding the global tech industry through the prism of Silicon Valley: Facebook, Google, Apple and Microsoft. Yet to many of the two billion-plus people who live just across the Pacific Ocean, it came as no surprise at all.
Auteur(s): Lulu Yilun Chen
-
The Power Law
- Venture Capital and the Making of the New Future
- Auteur(s): Sebastian Mallaby
- Narrateur(s): Will Damron
- Durée: 16 h et 53 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
Innovations rarely come from “experts.” Elon Musk was not an “electric car person” before he started Tesla. When it comes to improbable innovations, a legendary tech VC told Sebastian Mallaby, the future cannot be predicted, it can only be discovered. It is the nature of the venture-capital game that most attempts at discovery fail, but a very few succeed at such a scale that they more than make up for everything else. That extreme ratio of success and failure is the power law that drives the VC business, all of Silicon Valley, the wider tech sector, and, by extension, the world.
Auteur(s): Sebastian Mallaby
-
Going Infinite
- The Rise and Fall of a New Tycoon
- Auteur(s): Michael Lewis
- Narrateur(s): Michael Lewis
- Durée: 9 h et 35 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
When Michael Lewis first met him, Sam Bankman-Fried was the world’s youngest billionaire and crypto’s Gatsby. CEOs, celebrities, and leaders of small countries all vied for his time and cash after he catapulted, practically overnight, onto the Forbes billionaire list. Who was this rumpled guy in cargo shorts and limp white socks, whose eyes twitched across Zoom meetings as he played video games on the side?
-
-
He loves SBF too much
- Écrit par Samuel Carvalho le 2023-10-07
Auteur(s): Michael Lewis
-
The Coming Wave
- Technology, Power, and the Twenty-First Century's Greatest Dilemma
- Auteur(s): Mustafa Suleyman, Michael Bhaskar - contributor
- Narrateur(s): Mustafa Suleyman
- Durée: 11 h et 48 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
We are approaching a critical threshold in the history of our species. Everything is about to change. Soon you will live surrounded by AIs. They will organize your life, operate your business, and run core government services. You will live in a world of DNA printers and quantum computers, engineered pathogens and autonomous weapons, robot assistants and abundant energy. None of us are prepared.
-
-
An AI MUST READ
- Écrit par Aylan C le 2024-04-28
Auteur(s): Mustafa Suleyman, Autres
-
Power and Prediction
- The Disruptive Economics of Artificial Intelligence
- Auteur(s): Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, Avi Goldfarb
- Narrateur(s): Tom Beyer
- Durée: 10 h et 7 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
In their bestselling first book, Prediction Machines, eminent economists Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb explained the simple yet game-changing economics of AI. Now, in Power and Prediction, they go deeper, examining the most basic unit of analysis: the decision. The authors explain that the two key decision-making ingredients are prediction and judgment, and we perform both together in our minds, often without realizing it.
-
-
Some great nuggets in here
- Écrit par Consumer le 2023-03-22
Auteur(s): Ajay Agrawal, Autres
-
Danger Zone
- The Coming Conflict with China
- Auteur(s): Hal Brands, Michael Beckley
- Narrateur(s): Nancy Wu
- Durée: 8 h et 26 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
The Sino-American contest is driven by clashing geopolitical interests and a stark ideological dispute over whether authoritarianism or democracy will dominate the twenty-first century. But both history and China's current trajectory suggest that this rivalry will reach its moment of maximum danger in the 2020s. The Chinese challenge will most likely prove more manageable than many pessimists currently believe—but during the 2020s, the pace of Sino-American conflict will accelerate, and the prospect of war will be frighteningly real.
-
-
China bad West good
- Écrit par Amazon Customer le 2024-07-22
Auteur(s): Hal Brands, Autres
-
The World for Sale
- Money, Power and the Traders Who Barter the Earth’s Resources
- Auteur(s): Javier Blas, Jack Farchy
- Narrateur(s): John Sackville
- Durée: 12 h et 4 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
In The World for Sale, two leading journalists lift the lid on one of the least scrutinised corners of the economy: the workings of the billionaire commodity traders who buy, hoard and sell the earth's resources. It is the story of how a handful of swashbuckling businessmen became indispensable cogs in global markets: enabling an enormous expansion in international trade and connecting resource-rich countries - no matter how corrupt or war-torn - with the world's financial centres.
-
-
Great insights
- Écrit par Jonathan le 2021-10-21
Auteur(s): Javier Blas, Autres
-
Elon Musk
- Auteur(s): Walter Isaacson
- Narrateur(s): Jeremy Bobb, Walter Isaacson
- Durée: 20 h et 39 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
When Elon Musk was a kid in South Africa, he was regularly beaten by bullies. One day a group pushed him down some concrete steps and kicked him until his face was a swollen ball of flesh. He was in the hospital for a week. But the physical scars were minor compared to the emotional ones inflicted by his father, an engineer, rogue, and charismatic fantasist.
-
-
Future King of Mars, Inventor of Car Farts!
- Écrit par michael smith le 2023-09-12
Auteur(s): Walter Isaacson
-
Material World
- The Six Raw Materials That Shape Modern Civilization
- Auteur(s): Ed Conway
- Narrateur(s): Ed Conway
- Durée: 15 h et 11 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
Sand, salt, iron, copper, oil, and lithium. These fundamental materials have created empires, razed civilizations, and fed our ingenuity and greed for thousands of years. Without them, our modern world would not exist, and the battle to control them will determine our future. In Material World, Ed Conway embarks on an epic journey across continents, cultures, and epochs to reveal the underpinnings of modern life on Earth—traveling from the sweltering depths of the deepest mine in Europe to spotless silicon chip factories in Taiwan to the eerie green pools where lithium originates.
-
-
Excellent in linking raw materials w/daily lives
- Écrit par Billy le 2024-01-01
Auteur(s): Ed Conway
-
How the World Really Works
- The Science Behind How We Got Here and Where We're Going
- Auteur(s): Vaclav Smil
- Narrateur(s): Stephen Perring
- Durée: 10 h et 7 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
We have never had so much information at our fingertips and yet most of us don’t know how the world really works. This book explains seven of the most fundamental realities governing our survival and prosperity. From energy and food production, through our material world and its globalization, to risks, our environment and its future, How the World Really Works offers a much-needed reality check—because before we can tackle problems effectively, we must understand the facts.
-
-
How the World Really Works [For Oligarchs]
- Écrit par CoreDev le 2024-04-14
Auteur(s): Vaclav Smil
-
The End of the World Is Just the Beginning
- Mapping the Collapse of Globalization
- Auteur(s): Peter Zeihan
- Narrateur(s): Peter Zeihan
- Durée: 16 h et 44 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
For generations, everything has been getting faster, better, and cheaper. Finally, we reached the point that almost anything you could ever want could be sent to your home within days - even hours - of when you decided you wanted it. America made that happen, but now America has lost interest in keeping it going.
-
-
What a great listen!
- Écrit par Jeremy le 2023-03-10
Auteur(s): Peter Zeihan
-
On China
- Auteur(s): Henry Kissinger
- Narrateur(s): Nicholas Hormann
- Durée: 20 h et 10 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
In this sweeping and insightful history, Henry Kissinger turns for the first time at book length to a country he has known intimately for decades and whose modern relations with the West he helped shape. On China illuminates the inner workings of Chinese diplomacy during such pivotal events as the initial encounters between China and tight line modern European powers, the formation and breakdown of the Sino-Soviet alliance, the Korean War, and Richard Nixon’s historic trip to Beijing.
-
-
A really good listen
- Écrit par Amazon Customer le 2023-05-11
Auteur(s): Henry Kissinger
-
Dead in the Water
- A True Story of Hijacking, Murder, and a Global Maritime Conspiracy
- Auteur(s): Matthew Campbell, Kit Chellel
- Narrateur(s): Derek Perkins
- Durée: 9 h et 22 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
In July 2011, the oil tanker Brillante Virtuoso was drifting through the treacherous Gulf of Aden when a crew of pirates attacked and set her ablaze in a devastating explosion. But when David Mockett, a maritime surveyor working for Lloyd’s of London, inspected the damaged vessel, he was left with more questions than answers. How had the pirates gotten aboard so easily? And if they wanted to steal the ship and bargain for its return, then why did they destroy it? The questions didn’t add up—and Mockett would never answer them.
-
-
Crazy interesting
- Écrit par patrick le 2023-11-29
Auteur(s): Matthew Campbell, Autres
-
Breaking Twitter
- Elon Musk and the Most Controversial Corporate Takeover in History
- Auteur(s): Ben Mezrich
- Narrateur(s): Will Collyer
- Durée: 9 h et 5 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
BREAKING TWITTER takes readers inside the darkly comic battle between one of the most intriguing, polarizing, influential men of our time—Elon Musk—and the company that represents our culture’s dearest hope for a shared global conversation. From employee accounts within Twitter headquarters to the mission-driven team Musk surrounded himself with, this is the full story from all sides.
-
-
Writing style was interesting.
- Écrit par MyPublicName le 2024-01-29
Auteur(s): Ben Mezrich
-
Sideways
- The City Google Couldn't Buy
- Auteur(s): Josh O'Kane
- Narrateur(s): Ian Lake
- Durée: 11 h et 12 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
From the Globe and Mail tech reporter who revealed countless controversies while following the Sidewalk Labs fiasco in Toronto comes an uncompromising investigation into the bigger story and what the Google sister company's failure there reveals about Big Tech, data privacy and the monetization of everything.
Auteur(s): Josh O'Kane
-
Tracers in the Dark
- The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency
- Auteur(s): Andy Greenberg
- Narrateur(s): Ari Fliakos
- Durée: 10 h et 46 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
Over the last decade, a single innovation has massively fueled digital black markets: cryptocurrency. Crime lords inhabiting lawless corners of the internet have operated more freely—whether in drug dealing, money laundering, or human trafficking—than their analog counterparts could have ever dreamed of. By transacting not in dollars or pounds but in currencies with anonymous ledgers, overseen by no government, beholden to no bankers, these black marketeers have sought to rob law enforcement of their chief method of cracking down on illicit finance: following the money.
-
-
A very engaging read
- Écrit par Shep le 2024-10-18
Auteur(s): Andy Greenberg
-
The Fund
- Ray Dalio, Bridgewater Associates, and the Unraveling of a Wall Street Legend
- Auteur(s): Rob Copeland
- Narrateur(s): Rob Copeland, Will Damron
- Durée: 12 h et 54 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
Ray Dalio does not want you to listen to this audiobook. Late last year, when the billionaire founder of Bridgewater Associates, the largest hedge fund on the planet, announced that he was stepping down from the company he started out of his apartment nearly 50 years ago, the news made headlines around the world. Dalio cultivated an aura of international admiration and fame thanks to his company’s eye-popping success, coupled with a mystique he encouraged with frequent media appearances, celebrity hobnobbing, and his bestselling book, Principles.
-
-
Searing
- Écrit par Mia Cara Cosco le 2024-10-21
Auteur(s): Rob Copeland
-
Genesis
- Artificial Intelligence, Hope, and the Human Spirit
- Auteur(s): Henry A. Kissinger, Eric Schmidt, Craig Mundie
- Narrateur(s): Niall Ferguson, Byron Wagner
- Durée: 6 h et 3 min
- Version intégrale
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
As it absorbs data, gains agency, and intermediates between humans and reality, AI will help us to address enormous crises, from climate change to geopolitical conflicts to income inequality. It might well solve some of the greatest mysteries of our universe, revolutionize fields as diverse as medicine and architecture, and elevate the human spirit to unimaginable heights. But it will also pose challenges on a scale and of an intensity that we have never seen.
Auteur(s): Henry A. Kissinger, Autres
Ce que les auditeurs disent de Chip War
Moyenne des évaluations de clientsÉvaluations – Cliquez sur les onglets pour changer la source des évaluations.
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
- Amazon Customer
- 2023-02-27
The world runs on chips
Very interesting history and current state of high-tech sector in world politics and business. Changed my view on the Pacific power struggle. The balance of power is teetering based on who produces what and where. The book gave some insight into how complex this technology is, which is mind-boggling!
Un problème est survenu. Veuillez réessayer dans quelques minutes.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
1 personne a trouvé cela utile
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
- Ray Payette
- 2023-06-08
Very Informative
It was very informative, and confirmed much of what many of us all suspected, and why the US and the West are such staunch backers of Taiwan,
I do think he could have gotten the same message across in an hour or two less.
Un problème est survenu. Veuillez réessayer dans quelques minutes.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
1 personne a trouvé cela utile
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
- David Alexander
- 2023-04-28
A detailed history of a critical good
This is a great thorough history of the silicon world to let us see where the chips in everything in our lives started and some ideas on where it is going
Un problème est survenu. Veuillez réessayer dans quelques minutes.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
- Peter
- 2024-04-21
An interesting and complex conundrum
Great and interesting listen that sheds light on a serious and complex problem that isn’t easy to resolve
Un problème est survenu. Veuillez réessayer dans quelques minutes.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
- Utilisateur anonyme
- 2023-06-03
Great overall storytelling
The book captures the essence of making/supplying of a critical products, and the relationships and geopolitical implications of all major players.
The reader is kind of dry. Would be better if performed by another person.
Un problème est survenu. Veuillez réessayer dans quelques minutes.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
- Mark
- 2023-06-21
Story great. Well laid out. Narration mediocre.
I found the story well laid out and informative, without going too deep. The narration was mediocre. Inflection was wonky at times and pronunciation off.
Un problème est survenu. Veuillez réessayer dans quelques minutes.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
- russ brocklehurst
- 2023-09-29
Informative well worth the read
Detail well research well told provides insight in technologies of the age
Also highlight some tensions in the world
Un problème est survenu. Veuillez réessayer dans quelques minutes.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
- Chillyfinger
- 2022-11-30
Gaps and inaccuracies
Apple's origin story is ignored. Apple was in the personal computer market years before IBM entered. There were many others, such as Wang and Radio Shack. Motorola is left out of the story entirely. For years, the Intel 8088 chip (1979).was used in personal computers. The author's story of Intel's creation of the 8088 in relation to IBM's (third) attempt at a personal computer is complete fiction.
There was a clear path of innovation that went from hand-held calculators (such as the fantastic HP) to full-fledged computers. The chipset from HP's smart terminals lead directly to the first Apple. The PC itself was at two years behind the practical business computer from Radio Shack, lacking the hard drive essential for business applications.
The first full-fledged (and affordable) personal computer I used was the Wang 2200 in the mid-1970s.
Given all these mistakes and omissions, I am left to take the rest of the story with a pinch of salt. I am particularly skeptical of the author's assumptions about the economic and strategic position of China. China's foreign policy is far more subtle than a mirror image of America's attempt to rule the world. One might as well argue that China and the US are trapped in a tangle of interdependency, making war a modern equivalent of "MAD" - Mutual Assured Destruction. This is certainly the current situation, but it is not touched upon in the author's alarmist analysis of the near future.
Un problème est survenu. Veuillez réessayer dans quelques minutes.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
1 personne a trouvé cela utile
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
- Vitalii
- 2022-11-30
Transistor, transistor, transistor.
Quite boring overall and a lot of repetitive phrases along the paragraphs. Feels more like a research paper than a book.
Un problème est survenu. Veuillez réessayer dans quelques minutes.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
2 les gens ont trouvé cela utile
-
Au global
-
Performance
-
Histoire
- Utilisateur anonyme
- 2023-03-25
a misleading title
The title and subtitle of this book led me to expect it to be primarily about the future global conflicts that would likely be fought over semiconductors. While it did contain some of this, the majority of the book was just a history of semiconductors. I think the publisher opted for something that sounded sexier than the subject matter of the book actually was. so if you consider this book just know that it is primarily history, not geopolitics.
Un problème est survenu. Veuillez réessayer dans quelques minutes.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.
Vous avez donné votre avis sur cette évaluation.