Explore the life and work of Jerome Bruner, a pioneering psychologist, multidisciplinarian, and educator who transformed the study of learning.

• Discover how Bruner’s early experiences, including his corrective surgery for cataracts and his upbringing in New York City, influenced his path in education and cognitive psychology.
• Learn about Bruner’s role in moving psychology beyond rigid behaviorist frameworks, setting the stage for a deeper exploration of mental processes in learning. Explore Bruner’s belief that learners construct their own understanding through active discovery, and how this philosophy supports student-centered teaching methods.
• Hear about practical implications of scaffolding and spiral curricula in the classroom.
• Hear how Bruner’s work on narrative psychology informs our understanding of learning as a process of constructing and sharing stories.

For a full list of episode sources and resources, visit our website at sixteentoone.com/archives.

This week in education news headlines, we cover:

• Australia has banned teenagers under 16 from using social media apps, with a one-year grace period for platforms to implement age verification measures.
• Disgraced college admissions advisor Rick Singer tries to stage a comeback with a new consulting venture.
• To boost incoming class sizes in a difficult economy, institutions like the University of Providence adopt direct admissions to streamline enrollment and promote diversity.
• A major data breach at K–12 software provider PowerSchool has affected numerous districts, emphasizing the growing need for robust cybersecurity and transparent safety protocols in schools.
• Higher education faces shifts as Boston University suspends humanities PhD admissions due to budget pressures, while Purdue University introduces the Cornerstone Integrated Liberal Arts program to revitalize cross-disciplinary learning.

For a full list of show sources & additional resources, visit sixteentoone.com/archives.

In our first episode of 2025, we’re talking with special guest Jeremy C. Young, the director of state and higher education policy at PEN America, a nonprofit organization that unites writers and their allies to defend the freedom of expression nationwide. He oversees PEN America’s state policy and advocacy work across all US free expression programs and directs the Freedom to Learn program fighting government censorship of colleges and universities. His commentary on issues of academic freedom, higher education, and American democracy appears frequently in media outlets, and he speaks regularly on these topics before national and international audiences. A historian by training, Young is the author of The Age of Charisma: Leaders, Followers, and Emotions in American Society, 1870-1940 (Cambridge University Press, 2017). He holds a BA in history and music from St. Mary’s College of Maryland and an MA and Ph.D. in U.S. history from Indiana University.

We spoke with Jeremy about censorship and academic freedom, educational gag orders, the primacy of local communities in political communication, the role of charisma in political persuasion, and more. Thanks for listening, and please rate, review, and subscribe to help us grow!

Sources & Resources:

PEN America

Jeremy C. Young - PEN America

Kanawha County Textbook War - Wikipedia

Keyishian v. Board of Regents | 385 U.S. 589 (1967) | Justia U.S. Supreme Court Center

Karen M. Dunak - NYU Press