The ALDH1A1 gene provides instructions for creating aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1, a protein that belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. ALDH1A1 is a cytosolic dehydrogenase, meaning it functions in the fluid-filled compartment of the cell. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Interestingly, it has a diverse range of functions:
Alcohol Metabolism: ALDH1A1 is a key player in the major pathway of alcohol metabolism. It functions downstream of alcohol dehydrogenase, converting the toxic acetaldehyde produced from alcohol breakdown into acetate.
Retinol Metabolism: ALDH1A1 is also known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1. It is the second enzyme involved in oxidizing retinol (vitamin A) into retinoic acid. Retinoic acid is essential for growth and development and is used to treat acne.
Fructosamine Degradation: ALDH1A1 is also involved in breaking down fructosamines, which are harmful molecules that can form when sugar levels in the blood are high.
Detoxification: ALDH1A1 oxidizes aldehydes resulting from lipid peroxidation, including (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal/HNE, malonaldehyde, and hexanal, which are highly cytotoxic.
