One of the main ways of controlling malaria is to reduce mosquito populations through insecticides. But the mosquitoes are developing resistance, making most insecticides less effective. What if the answer lies beneath our feet?

Transcript

One of the main ways of controlling malaria is to reduce mosquito populations through insecticides. But the mosquitoes are developing resistance, making most insecticides less effective. We need new vector control interventions – what if the answer lies beneath our feet? Researchers from the Dimopoulos Group at the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute have turned to an unexpected source of inspiration—soil. They’ve produced a natural biopesticide, derived from a type of bacteria found in soil called Chromobacterium. When you deliver this biopesticide through a sugar bait – which lures the mosquitoes to feed on it – it kills the mosquitoes, regardless of their resistance to insecticides. Additionally, at non-lethal doses, Chromobacterium can enhance the effectiveness of other insecticides, acting as a synergist, as well as making mosquitoes incapable of finding a human to feed on. These findings were first demonstrated in the lab, but have now been confirmed in enclosed field trials in Burkina Faso. It's hoped that this naturally-occurring insecticide could support vector control efforts to curb disease transmission.

Source

Chromobacterium biopesticide overcomes insecticide resistance in malaria vector mosquitoes (Science)

About The Podcast

The Johns Hopkins Malaria Minute podcast is produced by the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute to highlight impactful malaria research and to share it with the global community.

The prevention of malaria depends upon multiple layers of interventions that work together to reduce cases and deaths. But what makes someone decide to sleep under a bed net, or apply an insecticidal cream? What makes one person take up more interventions than another? How influential are government-accredited health experts versus friends and family?

With András Vörös, an Associate Professor in Quantitative Methods at the University of Birmingham and Elisa Bellotti, a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Manchester.

About The Podcast

The Johns Hopkins Malaria Minute is produced by the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute to highlight impactful malaria research and to share it with the global community.

Malaria prevention depends on the adoption of multiple behaviors – like sleeping under a bednet and wearing clothes that cover the skin. Researchers find that conversations with people in one’s own social circle are the strongest factors that influence behavior uptake.

Transcript

Malaria prevention depends on the adoption of multiple behaviors – like sleeping under a bednet and wearing clothes that cover the skin – to reduce exposure to infectious mosquitoes. Theories of ‘social influence’ are often used to explain the uptake of single behaviors, in which an individual's relationship to others explains their adoption of certain behaviors. Yet, to better understand the uptake of different malaria prevention behaviors in a broader context, researchers looked beyond just social ties to consider the influence of behavior carry-over: where an individual who already adopts one prevention behavior is more likely to adopt another. Researchers applied this multi-level social network analysis to structured interviews from 10 villages in Northeast India, all conducted at a single point in time. They found that network exposure – talking to someone in your network who adopts a certain behavior – was the most important and consistent factor in explaining behavior uptake. This was more influential than individual behavior carry-over (which had no effect), existing village behavior patterns, or ties with health workers (which had minimal effect). This reinforces the importance of social discussion as the most significant factor in determining behavior uptake.

Source

A multilevel social network approach to studying multiple disease-prevention behaviors (Nature Scientific Reports)

About The Podcast

The Johns Hopkins Malaria Minute podcast is produced by the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute to highlight impactful malaria research and to share it with the global community.