In this special collaboration with NephMadness, we're diving into the world of nephrotoxins with an expert panel from Virginia Commonwealth University. NephMadness is an educational competition modeled after March Madness, and this year, one of the featured regions focuses on plant-based nephrotoxins. Together, with our expert panel we break down the competing nephrotoxin teams: Tubular Toxins vs. Oxalate Offenders.

Joining us are Dr. Anna Vinnokova (Nephrologist), Dr. Rachel Khan PharmD (Neph pharmacist), Dr. Ethan Downes (Nephrology fellow), and the legendary nephrotoxicologist, Dr. Josh King (Board certified Nephrologist and Toxicologist). We ALMOST named this episode "Getting Downe with the Mad Neph King and the Bean Queens"... but we didn't, your welcome.

After the show, go to the blog and vote for your favorite!

Expect irreverent musings, deep dives into toxic plant exposures, and a mystery case reveal that will leave you questioning your diet.

Topics and Timeline of Episode:

Intro

Listener Guesses With Josh and Ryan– 8:30

Listener Winner – 25:42

NephMadness and Guest Introductions – 28:07

Toxin Reveal – 33:41

• NEJM Case report

Tubular Toxins – 35:46

• Aristolochic Acid & the Belgian Weight-Loss Clinic Outbreak – 40:30
• Black Licorice & Its Surprising Toxic Effects – 47:16

The Oxalate Offenders Team: How Dietary Oxalates Harm the Kidneys – 52:00

• Historical Context: First recognized through sheep die-offs when herds grazed on Halogeton glomeratus, a high-oxalate plant, leading to fatal poisoning.
• Oxalate in Plants: Functions to bind excess calcium in the soil.
• Impact on the Body: Plants high in oxalate but low in calcium can contribute to oxalate accumulation, this leads to binding calcium in the blood, creating calcium oxalate crystals and acute renal calculi. Chronic inflammation from excess oxalate deposition leads to CKD progression.
• High-Oxalate Foods: Spinach, Swiss chard, rhubarb, cashews. Everything in moderation!

Practical Advice for Clinicians & Patients on Herbal Medicine Use – 1:00:00

• Resources for identifying nephrotoxic herbal products
• Talk to your patients non judgmentally, open conversations, discuss efficacy (or lack there of, see resources below) and safety
• Herbal medicines are not FDA approved and may not contain what they claim to

Herbals may not all be safe: Josh King Discovering Contaminants– 1:01:11

Wrap up– 1:08

Key Takeaways:

• Aristolochic acid is a direct nephrotoxin, associated with progressive kidney damage and urothelial cancers.
• Black licorice toxicity results from...

Do you think you know the cause of these symptoms? Send your guesses to toxtalk1@gmail.com to take part in the next episode

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Finally, the journal club to rule ALL journal clubs.

In this episode of The Poison Lab, we tackle one of the biggest topics in emergency medicine and toxicology: Should naloxone be given during opioid-associated cardiac arrest? With three fantastic studies published in 2024, we’re diving into the data and hearing directly from the authors themselves.

Join host Ryan Feldman as he interviews Dr. Eric Quinn, Dr. Joshua Lupton, and Dr. David Dillon, some of the minds behind the latest research exploring the role of naloxone in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). With perspectives ranging from clinical outcomes to practical implementation, this episode offers a deep dive into what these studies tell us—and what remains unanswered.

But that’s not all! Featuring special guests Spencer Oliver and Chris Pfingston from EMS 2020, this roundtable discussion incorporates the real-world insights of prehospital EMS professionals who face these decisions every day. Together, the panel unpacks:

• Conflicting evidence on naloxone’s impact on ROSC and survival.
• The challenges of interpreting retrospective studies in a high-stakes setting.
• Ethical dilemmas surrounding randomized trials for naloxone.
• Practical considerations for paramedics and emergency physicians in the field.

Whether you’re a toxicologist, EMS professional, or just curious about the intersection of drugs, overdose, and resuscitation, this episode is packed with actionable insights, expert opinions, and engaging discussions.

Tune in now to explore the science, controversy, and future directions for naloxone in cardiac arrest care!

Studies discussed in the show

• Outcomes of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Who Receive Naloxone in an EMS System with a High Prevalence of Opioid Overdose – Dr. Eric Quinn.
• Association of Early Naloxone Use with Outcomes in Nonshockable Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest – Dr. Joshua Lupton.
• Naloxone and Patient Outcomes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Northern California – Dr. David Dillon.

Studies and guidelines mentioned

• Editorial by Dr. Lavonas on Dr. Lupton's study
• AHA 2023 Guidelines for poisoning cardiac arrest
• AHA 2021 Position statement on opioid overdose out of hospital cardiac arrest
• Study of opioid overdose death after bystander naloxone training mentioned by Toxo

Shows mentioned

• Chris and Spencer's excellent EMS show
• Ryan's Interview on Poisoning Cardiac Arrest Guidelines with Dr. Eric Lavonas
• Journal club with Ryan and Dr. Dillon

• Podcast