This research article retrospectively analyzes interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test results (QuantiFERON-TB and T-SPOT.TB) from cancer patients to determine their effectiveness in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). The study at a major US cancer center found T-SPOT.TB yielded significantly more actionable results than QFT-TB, with QFT-TB producing a high rate of indeterminate results. Several factors, including immunosuppressant use and low hemoglobin, were associated with IGRA test invalidity or indeterminacy. While T-SPOT.TB showed better diagnostic performance for latent TB infection, the low TB disease prevalence limited conclusions on its ability to predict progression to active disease. The findings highlight the need for improved diagnostic tools for TB in immunocompromised individuals.

Batista MV, Sassine J, Khawaja F, et al. The Utility of Interferon-γ Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Patients With Cancer. Transpl Infect Dis 2024;e14428.

PMID: 39731624

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This study investigates the antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines in immunocompromised individuals. Researchers measured antibody levels in a cohort of immunocompromised adults after receiving either an adjuvanted or non-adjuvanted RSV vaccine. Results showed heterogeneous antibody responses, with a significant portion not achieving seroconversion or a high-titer neutralization threshold. The adjuvanted vaccine showed better results. Study limitations included a small sample size and lack of cellular data. The findings suggest a need for further investigation into optimizing RSV vaccination strategies for immunocompromised populations.

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PMID: 39786402

Karaba AH, Hage C, Sengsouk I, et al. Antibody Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Immunocompromised Persons. JAMA 2024.

This article presents a subgroup analysis of the phase 3 SOLSTICE clinical trial, focusing on solid organ transplant recipients treated with maribavir for refractory cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The study compared maribavir to investigator-assigned therapy, assessing efficacy in CMV viremia clearance and safety, including treatment-emergent adverse events and the development of maribavir resistance. Results showed maribavir's superiority in CMV clearance across various transplant types and fewer treatment discontinuations compared to standard treatments. The findings support maribavir's effectiveness and safety profile in this specific patient population. Limitations of the open-label design and sample size are acknowledged.

PMID: 39613120

Blumberg EA, Witzke O, Harber M, et al. Maribavir for refractory cytomegalovirus infection (with or without resistance) in solid organ transplant recipients: Subgroup analysis of the phase 3 randomized SOLSTICE study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024;S1053-2498(24)01971-5.

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