America Expedition

In un’opera scritta da un frate milanese del Trecento, Galvano Fiamma, si nasconde una breve menzione di una terra chiamata Marckalada, situata a ovest della Groenlandia. I marinai che viaggiano per i mari del Nord ne parlano come di una terra ricca di alberi e animali, dove si trovano grandi edifici e vivono dei giganti. È una notizia sensazionale: la prima menzione del continente americano nell’area mediterranea, un secolo e mezzo prima del viaggio di Colombo. Ma chi è Galvano Fiamma e da dove ricava queste informazioni? Cosa si sapeva davvero in Italia delle regioni al di là dell’oceano?

The new nation, the United States of America, doubled overnight in size with the purchase of a vast tract of land west of the Mississippi River. The sitting president, Thomas Jefferson, negotiated a deal for the land with French ruler Napoleon. Now that America had all this new unexplored territory, Jefferson knew it was time to explore this new land and firmly place America's claim on this expansive wilderness. In 1803, Jefferson commissioned the Corps of Discovery and named Meriwether Lewis as the leader.

Jefferson's America sheds new light on one of the key aspects of Jefferson's presidency. Almost everyone who has taken a US history course is familiar with Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase and the travels of Lewis and Clark, but that's not where this formative episode in American history begins or ends. In fact Jefferson sent four other expeditions west. Zebulon Pike was dispatched on two missions: first to the headwaters of the Mississippi and second toward what is now Colorado.

El hombre tiende siempre a inventar utopías y a perseguir quimeras, ya desde la antigüedad territorios como la Atlántida o las Islas Afortunadas, habían sido visitadas por viajeros que traían descripciones de animales increíbles y tesoros infinitos, otro tanto pasaba con regiones como la India de la que se contaban también numerosas leyendas fantásticas que fueron confirmadas, en algunos casos, por hombres que estuvieron allí, las tropas de Alejandro Magno por ejemplo.

An eminent scholar finds a new American history in the Hispanic past of our diverse nation. The United States is still typically conceived of as an offshoot of England, with our history unfolding east to west beginning with the first English settlers in Jamestown. This view overlooks the significance of America's Hispanic past. With the profile of the United States increasingly Hispanic, the importance of recovering the Hispanic dimension to our national story has never been greater. This absorbing narrative begins with the explorers and conquistadores who planted Spain's first colonies in Puerto Rico, Florida, and the Southwest.

In the spring of 1848, rumors began to spread that gold had been discovered in a remote spot in the Sacramento Valley. A year later, newspaper headlines declared "Gold Fever!" as hundreds of thousands of men and women borrowed money, quit their jobs, and allowed themselves - for the first time ever - to imagine a future of ease and splendor.

Una de las fechas más significativas durante el reinado de los Reyes Católicos fue la del 12 de Octubre de 1492: el día en que Cristóbal Colón descubrió América. El hecho de que Cristóbal Colón (que no era Español de origen) acudiera a una corte extranjera para ofrecer sus servicios prueba que el descubrimiento de América no fue en modo alguno accidental.

La scoperta dell'America non fu soltanto la scoperta del Nuovo Mondo. Fu, prima ancora, la verifica della possibilità di una nuova maniera di fare i conti con ciò che esiste, attraverso uno sguardo e una pratica che hanno definito la natura dell'intera modernità e che ancora oggi restano in sostanza i nostri. Quello di Colombo fu davvero uno strano andare, di cui paradossalmente più tempo passa meno di certe si conosce. Una cosa è sicura: il viaggio di Colombo ha caratteristiche uniche.

The Bozeman Trail ran through the Powder River country, which included the traditional hunting grounds of Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho peoples. Attempts by the natives to prevent encroachment and armed defense of settlers along the trail led to conflicts in short order. Due to the presence of the Sioux in the region, as early as 1864, travelers were advised not to traverse the Bozeman Trail except in very large wagon trains.

Ninety-six diverse stories about Ancient America are presented in Mysteries of Ancient America: Uncovering the Forbidden, Volume II. More evidence is reported that the erroneous archaeologist's term of "Hopewell" mound builders in the Ohio Valley were the Dakota Sioux Indians. More evidence is conferred that the giants in the Ohio Valley had their origins in ancient Babylon and were none other than the accounted giants in the Bible, known as the Amorites.

He fought and beheaded three Turkish adversaries in duels. He was sold into slavery and then murdered his master to escape. He was captured by pirates--twice--and marched to the gallows to be hanged, only to be reprieved seconds before the noose dropped over his head. And all this happened before he was thirty years old. This is Captain John Smith's life.

When gold was first discovered on the American River above Sutter's Fort in January 1848, California was sparsely populated frontier territory not yet ceded to the United States from Mexixo. The discovery triggered a massive influx as hundreds of thousands of people scrambled to California in search of riches, braving dangerous journeys across the Pacific, around Cape Horn, and through the Isthmus of Panama, as well as across America's vast, unsettled wilderness. Cities sprang up overnight, in response to the demand for supplies and services of all kinds.

The year 2009 marks the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson’s discovery of the majestic river that bears his name. Just in time for this milestone, Douglas Hunter, sailor, scholar, and storyteller, has written the first book-length history of the 1609 adventure that put New York on the map. Hudson was commissioned by the mighty Dutch East India Company to find a northeastern passage over Russia to the lucrative ports of China. But the inscrutable Hudson, defying his orders, turned his ship around and instead headed west....

Muitos leitores já passearam pelas lindas paisagens descritas nesta seleção de textos do livro "Tratado descritivo do Brasil" de Gabriel Soares de Sousa: Porto de Galinhas, Itamaracá, Cabo de Santo Agostinho... Neste descritivo, no entanto, poderão enxergar como era este cenário há quase 500 anos, quando Olinda, por exemplo, tinha apenas 700 habitantes!

Como o título bem diz, essa seleção de textos do livro "Tratado descritivo do Brasil" de Gabriel Soares de Sousa, descreve de forma pitoresca parcela da costa Norte do Brasil ao final do século XVI. Curioso demais encontrar aqui, entre outras singularidades, a referência às Amazonas que atacaram Francisco de Orellana e deram nome ao rio maior.

Many of us dream of finding instant wealth. Just imagine if you were able to go to a place where you could simply gather from the ground gold worth many thousands of dollars. Now imagine that at a time when the average wage for an unskilled worker was barely ten dollars per month.

In the feverish, money-making age of railroad barons, political machines, and gold rushes, corruption was the rule, not the exception. Yet the Republican mogul "Big Alex" McKenzie defied even the era's standard for avarice. Charismatic and shameless, he arrived in the new Alaskan territory intent on controlling gold mines and draining them of their ore. Miners who had rushed to the frozen tundra to strike gold were appalled at his unabashed deviousness. A Most Wicked Conspiracy recounts McKenzie's plot to rob the gold fields.

Nick Neely chronicles his 650-mile trek on foot from San Diego to San Francisco, following the route of the first overland Spanish expedition into what was soon called Alta California. Led by Gaspar de Portolá in 1769, the expedition sketched a route that would become, in part, the famous El Camino Real. It laid the foundation for the Golden State we know today, a place that remains as mythical and captivating as any in the world.

Two Years Before the Mast is an 1840 memoir by the author Richard Henry Dana. A Harvard graduate, he spent the years 1834 to 1836 as a sailor on a merchant ship on a voyage from Boston to California. The journey took them past Cape Horn on the Tierra del Fuego archipelago where the Pacific and Atlantic oceans meet. Dana provides detailed descriptions of ship life and the technical aspects of sailing. A chapter on California and its inhabitants offers valuable historical insights on the state which was then a foreign land.

In July 1776 a pair of Franciscan friars, Francisco Atanasio Dominguez and Silvestre Velez de Escalante, were charged by the governor of New Mexico with discovering a route across the unknown Southwest to the new Spanish colony in California. They had other goals as well, some of them secret: converting the indigenous natives along the way to the true faith, discovering a semi-mythical paradise known as Teguayo, hunting for sources of gold and silver, and paving the way for Spanish settlements from Santa Fe to Monterey. In strict terms, the expedition failed.