Ancient Europe

The Pan-Hellenic Games is the collective term for the four major sports festivals held in ancient Greece. These include the Olympic Games, held in honor of Zeus at Olympia every four years; the Pythian Games in honor of Apollo, held at Delphi every four years; the Nemean Games, held to celebrate Zeus and Heracles at Nemea near Corinth every two years; and the Isthmian Games, honoring Poseidon at Isthmia every two years. The main events at all of the games were chariot racing, wrestling, boxing, the pankration, the stadion, various other foot races, and the pentathlon.

The world owes Ancient Greece a lot more than one might think. Home to humanities greatest philosophers like Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato, this era is enriched with a wealth of fascinating events. Spanning over a period of seven centuries and reigning over large territories stretching as far as Southwest Asia and the entire Mediterranean, the kingdoms of Greece were able to imbue half the world with their beautiful culture, art, literature, and innovative thinking.

They come in droves, busloads of tourists shepherded down through modern streets, shops and stalls, past souvenir stands and hordes of local guides offering insight and spectacle. From all across the world they come to the Italian region of Campania, to walk the cobbles of ancient streets, peer at frescoes, marvel at sculptures, and visit the remnants of historic villas, bath-houses and even brothels. In 2003, it was estimated these international visitors contributed some $35 million dollars to the Italian economy.

The Armenians were the power behind the Byzantine Empire. Byzantium was a great empire that missed the European arrival in the New World by a few decades. They did not endure a thousand years under siege but were a major player on the world stage and much of their power came from an ancient people known as the Armenians who supplied them with emperors, generals, soldiers, intellectuals, religious leaders and artisans.

Though the world came to know of the Norse and their legends through Roman interaction at about the time of Christ, most of what we came to know were handed-down from folk tales gathered by native writers like Snorri Sturluson (c. 1179 - 1241). This was from a time when the Norse had already been converted to Christianity.

The ancient Greeks believed there were a great number of gods and goddesses. These gods had control over many different aspects of life on earth. In many ways they were very human. They could be kind or mean, angry or pleasant, cruel or loving. They fell in love with each other, argued with each other and even stole from each other.

It goes without saying that the Goths played an integral part in the history of Europe during this time, and they remain among the most notorious and controversial groups in history. By the 4th century CE, The Goths were among the prominent barbarian groups who became a threat to the Roman Empire, but they also had contacts with the Romans well before then, and they even traded for awhile.

For the people of the ancient Mediterranean and beyond, the city of Rome had been a symbol of power for centuries, and entering the early 5th century AD, the Eternal City hadn't been taken by an enemy force since the Gauls had done it about 800 years ago, an unheard of period of tranquility in a world wracked with almost constant warfare. Thus when the Visigoths, who the Romans considered uncultured and inferior, took the city of Rome and sacked it in 410, the world was stunned.

Throughout history, Syria has been dominated not by one great city but by two. Aside from Aleppo to the north, the religious and commercial metropolis of Damascus has been a place desired by the powerful. For thousands of years the Phoenicians, Hittites, Assyrians, Babylonians, Greeks, Romans, Christians, and Muslims all vied for control of the city.

There are hundreds of pyramid-shaped hills distributed in and around central Bosnia and Herzegovina, yet one in particular has achieved worldwide attention over the last decade. Found in the small town of Visoko, located about 30 kilometres northwest from Sarajevo, the hill is the tallest point in a landscape of tremendous historical importance for the country. The region has been occupied from prehistoric times.

The Greek general and king, Alexander the Great, is a name you might have heard before. Although his historical journey varies greatly from the stories and rumors about him, he did accomplish many victories in Asia and Europe in his conquest to rule the world. In this guide, we will go over his appearance, his character, his many battles, his clever military strategies, and the regions he conquered. His vast empire stretched farther than much else had before his time. But eventually, it became divided, and the throne was being fought over.

Si quiere descubrir la fascinante historia de la guerra de las Galias, continúe leyendo...Mientras Roma se llenaba de comerciantes, artesanos, esclavos y familias ricas de comerciantes, sus políticos luchaban por mantener las propiedades democráticas fundamentales del gobierno republicano. Las reglas se doblegaban y rompían, políticos y votantes eran sobornados y engañados, hasta que finalmente, el poder de Roma cayó en manos del único hombre que podía reunir el respeto y la lealtad del mundialmente famoso ejército romano.

La extravagancia de Nerón se ha convertido en nada menos que legendaria. En su día, fue increíblemente destructiva para su pueblo, particularmente después del Gran Incendio de Roma, un incendio que incluso podría haber comenzado él. En lugar de acudir en ayuda de los diez distritos que habían sido dañados por el fuego, Nerón aprovechó el espacio extra para construirse un palacio dorado. Asesinó, entre otros, a su propia madre, su exmujer y su hermanastro. Además, fue un violador, abusó sexualmente de niños y fue un abusador brutal.

In the wake of the Roman Empire’s collapse, Italy found itself fractured. Among the Italians of the Middle Ages, the most famous - and controversial - man who sought to unify Italy was, somewhat fittingly, a Roman. Cola di Rienzo was a man whose life and actions have reverberated down the centuries, as his charismatic, yet unsuccessful dictatorship has spawned legends and comparisons with movements of later ages. His attempt to bring the greatness of Roman antiquity into the reality of the 14th century, the city’s lowest point, is inspiring on its face.

Rein und unvermischt, Urväter deutscher Nation und von überlegener Rasse - die Nationalsozialisten wollten mit den Germanen eine Jahrtausende alte, rassische Überlegenheit der "Deutschen" konstruieren. Auch wir, die es heute besser wissen, stellen uns die Germanen oft recht einseitig vor. Raubeinige Horden, unbarmherziger Krieger und gefürchtete Gegner der Römer - oder doch ein Volk mit reicher Kultur und wechselvoller Geschichte?

Proud Xerxes, Emperor of Persia and King of Kings, invades Greece with a million soldiers. He commands thousands of ships and is supported by dozens of allies, among them the charming Queen Artemisia. At Thermopylae, a rocky mountain pass in northern Greece, the feared and admired Spartan soldiers stood 300 strong. Theirs was a suicide mission, to hold the pass against the invading millions of the mighty Persian army.

A hammer no mortal can lift. A flame-haired fiery storm god. A comic book alien-hero-god who defends humanity. The swastika. Even the name "Thursday" ("Thor's Day"). Despite the virtual disappearance of the indigenous Norse religion and mythology several centuries ago, modern society still regularly encounters the storm god Thor, who continues to be brought back to life in the form of literature and was recently the protagonist in a big-budget Hollywood movie.

In the campaign leading up to the election of Donald Trump, the Republican presidential candidate frequently discussed the importance of moving the US Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. For many conservative Christian Americans and Israelis, this was tantamount to the United States agreeing to Jewish control over Jerusalem. As it stands now, the US has a consulate in Jerusalem, yet no country houses their embassy in Jerusalem due to the conflicting claims of the Israelis and Palestinians.

Profiles different kinds of ships, including triremes, Viking longboats, ships of the line, and more. Throughout the history of mankind, seafaring has played a pivotal role in trade, warfare, transport, and exploration. From the very first dug-out wooden canoes used by our ancestors, to the great ocean-going palaces that glide on the water today, ships have a rich history, and have played an important part in the development of mankind.

Imperialism and the motivations behind it are a controversial and complex subject. But what powers the formation of an empire? Is it the fundamental urge to strike out into uncharted territory to discover "brave new worlds"? The sheer need for more territory? The desire to spread cultural, political, and religious influences? Or a straightforward lust for conquest, dominance, and plunder?