England World War Ii

The Second World War is littered with moments in which the destiny of the whole globe was shaped, but arguably few were as pivotal as the Battle of Britain. With invasion threatened, the hour of destiny over British shores was at hand. This was conflict in the raw, a life-or-death struggle in which the terrors of 20th-century combat were brutally brought home to the nation's doorsteps during what became known as the Blitz.

With its proven pedigree as a fighter, the Spitfire ranks among the greatest aircraft ever built - remembered with affection by those who flew or maintained it, and revered by the British people who regarded it as the "defender of our skies" against Nazi invasion. Featuring vivid narrative, this publication reveals the full extent of the Spitfire's impact on the outcome of the war and the heroic efforts of the pilots who defended Britain at all costs.

Tens of millions died during World War II as the warring powers raced to create the best fighter planes, tanks, and guns, and eventually that race extended to bombs which carried enough power to destroy civilization itself. While the war raged in Europe and the Pacific, a dream team of Nobel Laureates was working on the Manhattan Project, a program kept so secret that Vice President Harry Truman didn’t know about it until he took the presidency after FDR’s death in April 1945.

At the beginning of 1941, it was unclear whether the Allies would be able to remain in the war for much longer. The potential of a German invasion of Britain loomed. The Battle of Britain, fought throughout the summer and early autumn of 1940, was unquestionably epic in scope. The largest air campaign in history at the time, the vaunted Nazi Luftwaffe sought to smash the Royal Air Force, but thankfully, the RAF stood toe to toe with the Luftwaffe and ensured Hitler’s planned invasion was permanently put on hold.

At the end of August 2012, the BBC ran a report about the commemoration of a young man who had been killed over 70 years earlier. The sacrifice made by "the few", the British and Allied fighter pilots who won the Battle of Britain in 1940, remains close to the hearts of the British public.

The United States began 1942 determined to avenge Pearl Harbor, but the Allies, now including the Soviet Union by necessity, did not agree on war strategy. In 1941, both the Germans and British had moved armies into North Africa, where Italy had already tried and failed to reach the Suez Canal. The British sought American help in North Africa, where British General Bernard Montgomery was fighting the legendary "Desert Fox", General Erwin Rommel.

"Blitzkrieg", or "lightning war", describes the Third Reich's invasion strategy during its 1940 conquest of France not only due to the speed of the Wehrmacht advance but also its devastating effect on its ill-prepared adversaries. Mired in the paralyzing muck of plodding staff college military doctrine and demoralized as a nation by their appalling losses during World War I, the French succumbed in a few weeks to German skill and vigor.

Mention the spirit of Dunkirk today and people will associate the phrase with that “never say die” mentality so closely associated with the British as a nation. However, few would be able to tell you more than the fact that Dunkirk had something to do with World War II, and that it’s very probably a place in France. This is of course correct on both counts, although metaphorically speaking, just the tip of the iceberg.

Discover how Hilter’s forces impacted the people of Great Britain in this edition. If you were to step back in time to London, 1940, despite the fact you’d still be able to pick out the great familiar landmarks such as Buckingham Palace, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, wonderful green parks and open spaces, you’d also find a city, and for that matter an entire nation, under siege.

Early in the war, the Ottomans knew the Dardanelles strait would most certainly be attacked and had prepared significant defenses. The plan drafted by the then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, was meant to destroy Ottoman defenses along the Dardanelles. However, Allied forces comprised of British, Irish, Australian, and New Zealand troops were unable to penetrate the Ottoman defenses, advancing only about 100 meters from the shores. The Ottomans, led by German General Liman von Sanders, further reinforced their positions.

Winston Churchill never trusted Hitler. When France fell to the Nazis, Britain was alone in their fight against Germany. There were no Allies, no second front...there was no one. Only the Axis powers and neutral countries that did not want to get involved in the war. Standing alone, Churchill rallied the British people by convincing them it would be better to fight for their freedom than to surrender. So began the Battle of Britain and what Churchill would call their nation's finest hour.