Israel Biography

Without a doubt, Schopenhauer is one of the giants of Western philosophy. He represents a turning point from the quest to define the external world as something apart from our experience to a recognition of our experience as the medium of our world. Philosophy is a discourse, a conversation spread out over centuries that explores and develops different lines of thought.

The samurai are still remembered as some of the fiercest and most skilled warriors in human history. The name alone evokes an image of the grave and powerful swordsman, clad in lacquered armor and armed with a code of honor and clarity of mind that makes the soldiers of the modern era look like children new to the art. But what was it that allowed these men to hone their minds and bodies to such levels of skill and precision? They had no more and no less than any human alive today.

The work of Marcus Aurelius is one of the finest examples of stoic philosophy in history. His words are clear and practical, suited to the application of philosophy to the governance of one's own life and that of an empire. One of the great virtues of his work is that it came from a man who was forced by his station to apply his philosophical ideals in a practical setting. While he was undoubtedly a man of learning, his ideas have been tested upon the field of life.

Thomas Henry Huxley was a prominent member of the scientific community and an early advocate of evolutionism. His work and public debates served to explore this idea and to usher in widespread acceptance, forming the foundation of our current understanding of biology and the place of man in the cosmos. Evolution and Ethics is a work which highlights the ethical and theological implications of the theory of evolution.

The contributions of Greek thought to science and to philosophy is widely recognized. However, its instrumental role in the spread of Christianity is often overlooked. In this work, B.F. Cocker has given a comprehensive review of Greek philosophy from the Christian perspective. He shows how the development of philosophy prepared humanity for the reception of the Christian doctrine and the faith of salvation.

The AudioLearn version of the Theologico-Political Treatise is prefaced by a summary which briefly explores the work, offering the main thrust of each chapter in simple and accessible terms. Also included in the summary are a biography of the author and the background of the work itself. In addition, the summary contains an overview, synopsis, and analysis, as well as an exploration of the historical context, social impact, and criticism evoked by the piece.

An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals was published in 1751 by Scottish enlightenment philosopher David Hume, a man who revolutionized our understanding of philosophy. Hume uses this work to explore the foundations of morality, asserting that our ethical nature is based upon sentiment rather than reason. He delves deeply into the subject of morality, expanding upon the perspective expressed initially in his Treatise of Human Nature.

Initiation into Philosophy is a broad overview of the development of philosophy. Emile Faguet covers all major philosophical developments from the ancient times to the modern era, showing the tracks of the growth of reason over the course of Western civilization. He shows how each philosophical movement initiates and lays the groundwork for the next. This is essentially a comprehensive review of the study of thought and the conception of the world.

One cannot enter into a study of psychology without coming across the name of Sigmund Freud. Even in popular culture, his name stands in common with others like Albert Einstein and Karl Marx. There are downsides to this level of popularity. One often encounters the criticisms of Freud's work before ever reading his texts. The works of Sigmund Freud are the foundation of modern psychology.

Sigmund Freud is known as the father of psychoanalysis and is perhaps the most significant figure in the history of psychology. He was the first to have recognized the influence of the unconscious and to have developed a theory of the structure of the mind that took it into account. Freud's ideas, including coping mechanisms, repression, denial, libido, and ego have become household terms, key elements of the modern understanding of the human experience.

John Stuart Mill was the most influential British philosopher of the 19th century. His works spanned a startling variety of topics including logic, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and social theory. All of Mill's writings were aimed at the support and expansion of philosophical radicalism, and he had a significant influence on social theory, political theory, and political economy.

Many of us have never really considered how subtly and profoundly our sense of national spirit has colored our view of the world and of ourselves. The Psychology of Nations by GE Partridge shines a light on the philosophy of nationalism and uses this to delve deeply into its shaping of both psychology and sociology.

The Necessity of Atheism is a critical review of organized religion from the perspective of a psychologist. The history of mankind is examined with consideration of the scientific evidence available at the time of its writing, and this history is compared with that of the biblical account. Furthermore the influence of religious beliefs on science and philosophy are investigated at length.

Cosmic Consciousness is a work of beautiful insight and depth. In essence, it is a review of the religious traditions and spiritual paths of mankind. Rather than approaching these attainments from a critical or intellectual perspective, Ali Nomad explores their commonalities from the perspective of a spiritual seeker. Each tradition is examined for the clues it holds to the universal spiritual path, that which transcends creed or orthodox interpretation.

The Science of Human Nature is a comprehensive introduction to psychology from the standpoint of an educator. Pyle examines the nature and purpose of psychology and the potential this science has for education and for other aspects of life. Due to the emphasis on education, this text is replete with useful and practical knowledge on how to learn and to teach.

Gustave Le Bon was an unorthodox thinker, a widely traveled man, and a true genius in the field of sociology. His understanding of group psychology is utilized by modern experts in the field and is illustrated superbly with this investigation of revolutions and the psychology that motivates them. Le Bon has been studied deeply by a number of influential world leaders, some famous and some infamous. These leaders include Theodore Roosevelt, Benito Mussolini, Vladimir Lenin, and Adolf Hitler, to name just a few of the most well-known.

Without a doubt, Schopenhauer is one of the giants of Western philosophy. He represents a turning point from the quest to define the external world as something apart from our experience to a recognition of our experience as the medium of our world. Philosophy is a discourse, a conversation spread out over centuries that explores and develops different lines of thought. Schopenhauer embodies the moment in Western philosophy where the snake begins to eat its own tail, where the unreasoning insistence upon an external world is finally examined with due criticism and care.

The Discourse on the Method of Reason was the first true work of skepticism, a foundation of doubt which allowed a critical re-examination of all that was previously held to be true. Descartes literally revolutionized both philosophy and mathematics, and this discourse provides the means by which he approached the tangle of contemporary thought and laid the foundation of rational understanding.