Modern Philosophy

Long before the United States was a nation, it was a set of ideas, projected onto the New World by European explorers with centuries of belief and thought in tow. From this foundation of expectation and experience, America and American thought grew in turn, enriched by the bounties of the Enlightenment, the philosophies of liberty and individuality, the tenets of religion, and the doctrines of republicanism and democracy.

"Verfall und Wiederaufbau der Kultur" bildet den ersten Teil der kulturphilosophischen Schriften des großen Theologen, Arztes und Musikers Albert Schweitzer. Dem Band liegen Gastvorlesungen Schweitzers an der Universität Uppsala im Frühjahr 1920 zugrunde, er ist aber auch heute, fast hundert Jahre später, noch immer von zeitloser Aktualität.

Schopenhauer: here's when great philosophy can be somber, pessimistic, even brutal, and still resonate with a sarcastic laugh. He was among the first to contend that the universe is essentially not a rational place; in his most famous work, "The World as Will and Representation", he argues that the individuals of a species do not have as much free will as is ordinarily thought, as the only will that matters is that of the species, which is to reproduce and carry on. Schopenhauer is very well-known for his radical stance on women, aesthetics, and rhetoric.

Albert Einstein is widely considered as one of the greatest minds that ever lived. He developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics alongside quantum mechanics, and penned the world's most famous equation, E=mc². He was an immense scientist and thinker, and his work is also renowned for its influence on the philosophy of science. As an authentic genius, he was also full of humor; these 100 quotes have been carefully selected to introduce you to his character and witticism in a convenient and efficient format.

We have selected for you 100 best quotes by Hegel. Georg Hegel was a German philosopher and an important figure of German idealism. He achieved wide renown in his day and - while primarily influential within the continental tradition of philosophy - has become increasingly influential in the analytic tradition as well. Although Hegel remains a divisive figure, his canonical stature within Western philosophy is universally recognized.

Ayn Rand's philosophical novels The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged made her the most controversial author of her age. Her works have drawn millions of fans and continue to sell at a breathtaking pace. Their impact on American culture runs from libertarian politics to the self-esteem movement in psychology to the rugged individualism of Silicon Valley and the Internet. Rand also launched a movement of intellectuals committed to her philosophy of Objectivism.

In Defence of Serendipity is a lively and buccaneering work of investigative philosophy, treating the origins of 'serendipity, accident and sagacity' as both riddles and philosophical concepts that can be put to a future political use. Taking in Aristotle, LSD, Tony Blair and techno-mysticism, Olma challenges the prevailing faith in the benevolence of digital technology and the illegitimate equation of innovation and entrepreneurship.

Thinkers have been fascinated by paradox since long before Aristotle grappled with Zeno's. In this volume in The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Margaret Cuonzo explores paradoxes and the strategies used to solve them. She finds that paradoxes are more than mere puzzles but can prompt new ways of thinking. A paradox can be defined as a set of mutually inconsistent claims, each of which seems true. Paradoxes emerge not just in salons and ivory towers but in everyday life.

All too often we don't realize our potential until we use it, and this book will help you realize just what you can do. Being able to conquer your fears, attain your goals, and really see for yourself just what you can do is miraculous, and if you've ever felt like you're not reaching for the stars but instead are settling on the ground, it's time to change that. Any dream is possible, and this book will show you how to reach your goals in a simple, effective manner.

Die Faszination, die das "Manifest" (K. Marx, F. Engels 1848) bis heute ausübt, machte es zum bedeutendsten Text der modernen Arbeiter- und emanzipatorischen Bewegung, der in fast alle Sprachen der Welt übersetzt und in Millionenauflagen verbreitet wurde.

Postmodernism claims that "modernity", which grew from the Enlightenment to the Industrial Revolution and Marxism, has collapsed. We now live in an endlessly "contemporary" culture, a virtual world of "hyperreality" containing such strange phenomena as post-Holocaust amnesia, Disneyland, cyberspace, and Fukuyama's proclaimed "end of history".

The father of modern philosophy, Descartes is still one of the most widely discussed philosophers today. Putting rationalism above all else, he sought to base all knowledge of the world on a single idea: "I think, therefore I am." This introduction expertly summarises his thoughts on the dualism of mind and body, his proofs for God’s existence, and his responses to scepticism. Explaining how his life informed his philosophy, Bracken demonstrates the philosopher’s enduring significance.

In The Ajax Dilemma, Paul Woodruff examines one of today's most pressing moral issues: how to distribute rewards and public recognition without damaging the social fabric. How should we honor those whose behavior and achievement is essential to our overall success? Is it fair or right to lavish rewards on the superstar at the expense of the hardworking rank-and-file? How do we distinguish an impartial fairness from what is truly just?

World War II was by far one of the most significant wars of all time. Ripples of the splash this war made on history are still being felt today. Even more so than its predecessor, this was the most comprehensive global war. The focal point is the European battle front but there was just as much, if not more in Asia and even in Africa and the Americas.

This is an ideal introduction to the ideas of a man whom many regard as the greatest thinker of our time. Here we encounter the stages in the development of his unique philosophy of consciousness, his key intellectual breakthroughs, his theory of history, and his diagnosis of the political ills of the modern age. The book provides a veritable catalog of the thinkers who created the intellectual foundation of the twentieth century.

Der große Theologe, Arzt und Musiker Albert Schweitzer veröffentlichte seine "Gespräche über das Neue Testament" in den Jahren 1901 bis 1904, als er Privatdozent in Straßburg war, in der kleinen Zeitung Evangelisch-protestantischer Kirchenbote für Elsass-Lothringen. Gemeinsames Ziel der 33 kurzen, predigtähnlichen Texte ist es, eine Anleitung zu geben, "wie ein erwachsener Christ selbständig für sich die Bibel lesen soll".

Was tun, wenn existenzielle Entscheidungen ohne sichere Datengrundlage und in größter Eile zu treffen sind? Auch Experten sind vor Denkfehlern nicht gefeit. Hier kann "Philosophie in Echtzeit" helfen. Denn Erkenntnistheorie, Risikoethik und Entscheidungstheorie können beim Ausloten des Ungewissen Klarheit und Orientierung bieten. Am Fall der Corona-Pandemie zeigen die Autoren mit einem Ausblick auf Klima- und KI-Risiken: Was können wir vor, während und nach der Katastrophe wissen - und wie können wir strategisch handeln.

Hans Blumenberg (1920 - 1996) gilt als einer der größten Philosophen des 20. Jahrhunderts - und als exzellenter Stilist. Aus seinen Nachlasstexten 2019 von Rüdiger Zill herausgegeben, beschreibt Die nackte Wahrheit die Demokratisierung des göttlichen Privilegs der unbedingten Wahrheit im Laufe der Philosophiegeschichte.

Die Jahre 1933 bis 1943 markieren das schwärzeste Kapitel der europäischen Moderne. Im Angesicht der Katastrophe entwickeln vier Philosophinnen, Simone de Beauvoir, Hannah Arendt, Simone Weil und Ayn Rand, ihre visionären Ideen: zum Verhältnis von Individuum und Gesellschaft, von Mann und Frau, von Sex und Gender, von Freiheit und Totalitarismus. Wolfram Eilenberger zeichnet ihre abenteuerlichen Wege nach, die sie vom stalinistischen Leningrad bis nach Hollywood, von Hitlers Berlin und dem besetzten Paris bis nach New York führen.

Nach Jahren völliger Nichtbeachtung gelang es Nietzsche 1888 mit der Kampfschrift Der Fall Wagner wieder Aufmerksamkeit zu bekommen. In seinem letzten geistig wachen Lebensjahr nimmt die Auseinandersetzung mit Richard Wagner und dessen Musik einen zentralen Stellenwert ein. Immer wieder betont Nietzsche, dass Wagner ihn krank gemacht habe: "Ich heiße ihn Schirokko. Ein verdrießlicher Schweiß bricht an mir aus." Die radikale, aber auch vielschichtige Kritik an Richard Wagner wird von Fischer-Dieskau - Sänger, Musikschriftsteller und Wagner-Experte - großartig interpretiert.