Political Justice

Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and Its Influence on Morals and Happiness by William Godwin (1756-1836) was first published in February 1793, the month following the execution of Louis XVI of France. It proved to be immediately popular and influential. Godwin, the son of a Calvinist preacher, was educated at Hoxton Academy, after which, he became a minister to a dissenter congregation in Ware.

An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice is Godwin’s most famous work of political theory. Written in the early years of the French Revolution before the Terror had begun, Godwin provides a fierce critique of unjust government institutions, and he proposes that individuals are better able to provide for their own needs. He believed that political change could be brought about gradually and as a result of free discussion in small communities.

From nineteenth-century abolitionism to Black Lives Matter today, progressive social movements have been at the forefront of social change. Yet it is seldom recognized that such movements have not only engaged in political action but also posed crucial philosophical questions about the meaning of justice and about how the demands of justice can be met. Michele Moody-Adams argues that anyone who is concerned with the theory or the practice of justice—or both—must ask what can be learned from social movements.