Roman Philosophy

The Catholic Church has a history that spans over 2,000 years, and it began with none other than Jesus Christ himself. At least, that is what modern popes believe. But at first, there was just one church, and there was no division between Catholics, Protestants, Eastern Orthodox, and other branches of Christianity. Christians all over the known world were united, and together, they made their spirituality bloom. Their religion took over the lives of villagers, nobles, kings, queens, and even newly arrived pagan armies that came to conquer Europe.

Stoicism has a lot to offer that is as relevant today as it was 2,000 years ago—its guiding purpose was to help us to live better lives. The Stoic golden rule was that "we can't control external events, but we can choose how to respond to them". This idea can have a profound effect on how we exist in the world.

Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus never intended his collection of personal writings to be published, but it has become the foremost work of Stoic philosophy and advice to survive from ancient times.

For the sake of time, I won't go into more detail and bore you. Instead, I will tell you that practicing stoicism is like sharpening a blade, and you have to make sure it never gets dull. Learning the basic guidelines for a person practicing stoicism can help make redirecting their emotions easier. However, there are no original stoic texts for us to follow; instead, you will be learning through interpretations from philosophers.

Im Gorgias, einer der umfangreichsten Dialoge Platons, trifft Sokrates auf eben jenen damals weithin bekannten Rhetor Gorgias. In seiner ihm ganz eigenen Art zieht Sokrates Gorgias sogleich in ein Gespräch über die Frage, was die Redekunst eigentlich sei und ob man sie tatsächlich eine Kunst nennen dürfe. Mit der dialektischen Gesprächsmethode der Erkenntnisfindung überfordert, reicht Gorgias schon bald das Wort an seinen Begleiter Polos weiter, der nach Kräften bemüht ist, die Rhetorik in ihrer staatstragenden Bedeutung gegenüber Sokrates zu verteidigen - jedoch ohne Erfolg.

Along with Stoicism and Epicureanism, Skepticism is one of the three major schools of ancient Greek philosophy that claim to offer a way of living as well as thinking. How to Keep an Open Mind provides an unmatched introduction to skepticism by presenting a fresh, modern translation of key passages from the writings of Sextus Empiricus, the only Greek skeptic whose works have survived.

Few philosophers have so extensively influenced thought and language as Aristotle. His conception of the universe pervades Christian theology. Knowledge of his thought is necessary to understand Bacon, Galileo and the modern scientific view of nature, as well as Dante and many passages from Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Milton. Many phrases such as "liberal education" and "theory" contrasted with "practice" originated with this student of Plato and tutor of Alexander the Great. Writing to inform the beginner and stimulate the expert, eminent scholar A.E. Taylor presents a searching analysis of Aristotle's thought, including classification of the sciences; formal logic; theory of knowledge; matter and form; the four causes; God; physics; biology; sensation; ethics; theory of the state; the fine arts. He also considers Aristotle's provincialism, errors regarding the nervous system and astronomy, and defense of slavery.

De ce que l'homme n'a pas d'autre choix que d'être "artisan de sa propre vie" pour tendre à la "tranquillité de l'âme", Sénèque déduit une morale très humaine.

In this small volume an attempt has been made to gather together the best and most reliable of the sets of ethical verses attributed to the Pythagoreans. Both Hall's translation from the Greek (1657), and Rowe's translation from the French of André Dacier (1707), have been used in reproducing the Golden Verses of Pythagoras, but Dacier's version has been almost exclusively followed, being clearer and more intelligible.

Born into slavery in the first century AD, Epictetus was a leading Greek philosopher of the Stoic school. He spent most of his life in Rome before the Emperor Domitian banished all philosophers from the city in AD 93; his exile then took him to Nicopolis in Greece. His teachings were recorded by his pupil Arrian, who published both the Encheiridion and Discourses.

The book is one of the most influential ethical treatises of all time. Written in 350 BC, it identifies happiness as life's goal. How do we achieve this goal? Not through the satisfactions that come from pleasure, wealth, or fame. According to Aristotle, the true path to happiness lies in contemplation of philosophic truth. This is the only action through which humans can exercise their distinctively unique trait: the ability to reason.

Marcus Aurelius ruled the Roman Empire at its height, yet he remained untainted by the immense wealth and absolute power that had corrupted many of his predecessors. He knew the secret of how to live the good life amid trying and often catastrophic circumstances, of how to find happiness and peace when surrounded by misery and turmoil, and how to make the right choices—even if they are more difficult—without regard for self-interest. Meditations brings Marcus Aurelius's inspiring words to life and shows his wisdom to be as relevant today as it was in the second century.

Experience the Greek Pantheon as never before and discover how ancient Greek mythology forged the bedrock of Western Civilization, even if you're a newcomer to the world of Olympus. The enigma of Greek mythology has fascinated and puzzled historians, philosophers, literary geniuses, and inquisitive minds alike. Are you one of those minds? Do you wonder at the magnificent tales of Zeus, Hades, Athena, and the menagerie of gods that populated the ancient world?

In 45 BCE, the Roman statesman Cicero fell to pieces when his beloved daughter, Tullia, died from complications of childbirth. But from the depths of despair, Cicero fought his way back. In an effort to cope with his loss, he wrote a consolation speech—not for others, as had always been done, but for himself. And it worked. Cicero's Consolation was something new in literature, equal parts philosophy and motivational speech.

"Singura autoritate pe care constiinta individuala nu si-o pune niciodata sau aproape niciodata la îndoiala e autoritatea morala. Capacitatea de a distinge între bine si rau, între viciu si virtute, dreptate si nedreptate pare a fi la îndemâna tuturor. În materie de etica, functionam constant printr-o nedemolabila autocomplezenta."

For the first time in any modern language, a female scholar and translator reimagines The Art of War. Sun Tzu’s ancient book of strategy and psychology has as much to tell us today as when it was first written 2,500 years ago. In a world forever at odds, his rules for anticipating the motivations and strategies of our competitors never cease to inspire leaders of all kinds.

For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, characterized by peace and freedom from fear, the absence of pain, and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends. He taught that pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and evil; death is the end of both body and soul and should therefore not be feared; the gods neither reward nor punish humans; the universe is infinite and eternal; and events in the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atoms.

Las Meditaciones de Marco Aurelio contienen los pensamientos y creencias esenciales de la filosofía estoica. El libro contiene los pensamientos privados del gran emperador Marco Aurelio. Él nunca publicó la obra en su vida. La forma de escritura es única y rica. Todos se necesitan oír esta obra clásica escrita por Marco Aurelio. Esta rendición de la obra es inolvidable por el audio claro y rico. No hay una manera mejor para disfrutar esta obra clásica. Por favor, disfruta y estudia la filosofía estoica del gran emperador Marco Aurelio.

An entertaining and enlightening anthology of classical Greek and Roman writings on animals—and our vital relationships with them.

Zufällig trifft Sokrates einen Freund auf der Straße. Ein Gespräch entspinnt sich, in dem Sokrates von seiner Begegnung mit dem weithin bekannten Sophisten Protagoras erzählt. So kurz der Handlungsrahmen wiederzugeben ist, so inhaltsreich das, was Platon in diesem frühen Dialog seinen Lesern zu bieten hat. Im Protagoras lässt Platon Sokrates sich erstmalig mit den Sophisten streiten. Überdeutlich tritt zutage, wo zwischen sokratischer Dialektik und sophistischem Denksport die Unterschiede liegen.