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Determined

A Science of Life Without Free Will

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Determined

Written by: Robert M. Sapolsky
Narrated by: Kaleo Griffith
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About this listen

The instant New York Times bestseller

“Excellent…Outstanding for its breadth of research, the liveliness of the writing, and the depth of humanity it conveys.”–Wall Street Journal

One of our great behavioral scientists, the bestselling author of Behave, plumbs the depths of the science and philosophy of decision-making to mount a devastating case against free will, an argument with profound consequences

Robert Sapolsky’s Behave, his now classic account of why humans do good and why they do bad, pointed toward an unsettling conclusion: We may not grasp the precise marriage of nature and nurture that creates the physics and chemistry at the base of human behavior, but that doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist. Now, in Determined, Sapolsky takes his argument all the way, mounting a brilliant (and in his inimitable way, delightful) full-frontal assault on the pleasant fantasy that there is some separate self telling our biology what to do.

Determined offers a marvelous synthesis of what we know about how consciousness works—the tight weave between reason and emotion and between stimulus and response in the moment and over a life. One by one, Sapolsky tackles all the major arguments for free will and takes them out, cutting a path through the thickets of chaos and complexity science and quantum physics, as well as touching ground on some of the wilder shores of philosophy. He shows us that the history of medicine is in no small part the history of learning that fewer and fewer things are somebody’s “fault”; for example, for centuries we thought seizures were a sign of demonic possession. Yet, as he acknowledges, it’s very hard, and at times impossible, to uncouple from our zeal to judge others and to judge ourselves. Sapolsky applies the new understanding of life beyond free will to some of our most essential questions around punishment, morality, and living well together. By the end, Sapolsky argues that while living our daily lives recognizing that we have no free will is going to be monumentally difficult, doing so is not going to result in anarchy, pointlessness, and existential malaise. Instead, it will make for a much more humane world.

*This audiobook includes a downloadable PDF containing Tables, Charts, Diagrams, and Footnotes from the book.

PLEASE NOTE: When you purchase this title, the accompanying PDF will be available in your Audible Library along with the audio.

©2023 Robert M. Sapolsky (P)2023 Penguin Audio
Biological Sciences Philosophy Thought-Provoking Genetics
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What the critics say

“Sapolsky’s decades of experience studying the effects of the interplay of genes and the environment on behavior shine brightly . . . He provides compelling examples that bad luck compounds . . . convincingly argues against claims that chaos theory, emergent phenomena, or the indeterminism offered by quantum mechanics provide the gap required for free will to exist.”Science

“The behavioural scientist engagingly lays out the reasons why our every action is predetermined—and why we shouldn’t despair about it . . . Determined is a bravura performance, well worth reading for the pleasure of Sapolsky’s deeply informed company . . . Absorbing and compassionate.”The Guardian

“Few people understand the human brain as well as renowned neuroscientist Robert Sapolsky.”—Most Anticipated Fall Books, San Francisco Chronicle

What listeners say about Determined

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Please see the accompanying PDF for a footnote

Content is great. Highly recommend. Please edit the audio to remove those hundreds of references to footnotes.

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Please see the accompanying PDF for a footnote.

This is an amazing book that’s well-written and insightful, packed with information. However, the constant “please see the accompanying PDF for a footnote” is extremely irritating. I’ve read this book as well and there are multiple footnotes on most pages. By including this in the narration disrupts the ability to listen to it. I don’t recall this being done for Sapolsky’s other book, Behave, so the decision to do so for this book is odd. Great book, poor production choices for narration.

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Please see accompanying PDF for a footnote.

That's the only line I will remember from this book. It really ruins the experience.

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Refreshingly to the point.

A healthy dose of common sense ! Great book, we are not so enlightened as we think.

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Excellent teacher!

Amazing material, expertly presented. Sapolsky is a master scientist and teacher. A must read for anyone interested in free will

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This book will not change the world but it should.

The world is full of lies and this book will explain why. You may not be smart enough to understand this book and that’s ok, you don’t have too.

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Absolutely wonderful as expected

Sapolsky is a genius! This books builds on his previous book Behave. It's pure science on steroids! Love it!

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A Perspective Changing Book

Listen to this book if you're in the mood for a good existential crisis. You might not agree entirely, but he sure does make you think deeply about how much free will actually have. As usual, Sapolsky does an awesome job at explaining complicated concepts in an understandable and compelling way. This book has earned a spot as an all time favorite. I highly recommend it!

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This way to abstract

The language used in this narration is too technical for average listener understanding.
When the narrator says “please refer to the PDF accompanying file” and it does many times, it is useful to have a direct reference to illustration X for n page Y. So we know what we should look for.

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An Unconventional Blend!

This book is a unique blend of scientifically proven facts that are truly fun to know, a substantial number of sentences encouraging readers to refer to an accompanying PDF for footnotes, and the author's own ideas cleverly woven in between the scientific facts. The scientific content was engaging and well-researched, offering insights into various phenomena in a way that was both educational and entertaining. However, the excessive references to the accompanying PDF for footnotes became somewhat tedious and disrupted the reading flow. Additionally, while the author's personal ideas were thought-provoking, their integration with the scientific content at times felt forced, as if an attempt was being made to lend more credibility to the author's viewpoints. Overall, this book provides valuable scientific knowledge, but the frequent redirection to footnotes and the blending of personal ideas with scientific facts may not be to every reader's taste.

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