The Strong and Free podcast series is part of a larger Black History education campaign created by Historica Canada. Along with the podcast series, Historica Canada offers a video series, an education guide, and several new entries on The Canadian Encyclopedia about Black History in Canada.

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok @HistoricaCanada, and on Facebook at facebook.com/Historica.Canada/

For more resources, visit historicacanada.ca.

A Place to Belong is part of a larger education campaign created by Historica Canada and made possible in part by the Government of Canada. Along with the podcast series, Historica Canada also offers a video series and an education guide about the history of multiculturalism in Canada. Visit historicacanada.ca for more.

Follow @HistoricaCanada on Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok and @Historica.Canada on Facebook.

Special thanks to Survivors Piita Irniq and Abraham Anghik Ruben. Survivor testimony for this episode provided by the Legacy of Hope Foundation. Additional resources include University of Regina’s Shattering Silence and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s final report, Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future.

Thanks to our consultant, Inuit writer, researcher, and scholar Norma Dunning.

Illustrations by Halie Finney.

Additional reading:

• Truth and Reconciliation Commission Reports
• Final Report: National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
• Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples

Special thanks to Survivors Linda Blomme, Larry Langille, and Louis Bellrose. Survivor testimony for this episode provided by the Legacy of Hope Foundation. Additional resources include University of Regina’s Shattering Silence and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s final report, Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future.

Thanks to our consultants: Guy Freedman, Métis from Flin Flon and president and senior partner of the First Peoples Group, and Larry Chartrand, professor in the faculty of law at the University of Ottawa and co-author of Métis History and Experience and Residential Schools in Canada (Ottawa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation, 2006).

Illustrations by Halie Finney.

Additional reading:

• Truth and Reconciliation Commission Reports
• Final Report: National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
• Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
• Métis History and Experience and Residential Schools in Canada

Special thanks to Survivors Riley Burns and Ed Bitternose. Survivor testimony in this episode was provided by the Legacy of Hope Foundation. Additional resources include University of Regina’s Shattering Silence and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s final report, Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future.

Thanks to our consultants: David Perley, a Wolastoqi scholar from Tobique First Nation and the Director of the Mi’kmaq-Wolastoqey Centre and Brian Maracle (Owennatekha), an author, journalist, and teacher, and a member of the Mohawk First Nation.

Illustrations by Halie Finney.

Additional reading:

• Truth and Reconciliation Commission Reports
• Final Report: National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
• Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples

The Residential Schools podcast series is part of a larger awareness campaign created by Historica Canada and funded by the Government of Canada. Along with the podcast series, Historica Canada also offers a video series, an education guide, and several new entries on The Canadian Encyclopedia about the history and legacy of residential schools.

If you or someone you know need immediate support, here are some resources:

• National Indian Residential School Crisis Line, 1-866-925-4419
• The Hope for Wellness Help Line at 1-855-242-3310 (phone services available in Cree, Ojibway, Inuktitut, French, and English). The Hope for Wellness Help Line also offers online support services at hopeforwellness.ca
• Kids Help Phone, 1-800-668-6868

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter and Instagram @HistoricaCanada and on Facebook facebook.com/Historica.Canada/

Illustrations by Halie Finney.