Strong and Free is produced by Historica Canada and Media Girlfriends.

This episode was written and produced by Josiane Blanc.

Senior producers are Garvia Bailey and Hannah Sung.

Sound design and mix by David Moreau and Gabbie Clarke.

The Media Girlfriends team is rounded out by Lucius Dechausay, Jeff Woodrow and Nana aba Duncan, the founder of Media Girlfriends.

Thanks to singer/songwriter Jenny Salgado. And thank you to our script-consultant Alain Saint-Victor.

Fact-checking by Cloé Carron

Additional reading:

· Quiet Revolution

· Montreal

· Michaëlle Jean

· Caribbean Canadians

· SAINT VICTOR, Alain. De l'exil à la communauté : une histoire de l'immigration haïtienne à Montréal 1960-1990. Mémoire de maîtrise (histoire), Université du Québec à Montréal, 2018. 139 p. De l'exil à la communauté : une histoire de l'immigration haïtienne à Montréal 1960-1990 (uqam.ca)

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter, Instagram , and TikTok @HistoricaCanada and on Facebook at facebook.com/Historica.Canada/

Strong and Free is produced by Historica Canada and Media Girlfriends.

This episode was written and produced by Garvia Bailey.

Senior producers are Garvia Bailey and Hannah Sung.

Sound design and mix by Gabbie Clarke and David Moreau.

The Media Girlfriends team is rounded out by Josiane Blanc, Lucius Dechausay, Jeff Woodrow, and Nana aba Duncan, the founder of Media Girlfriends.

Thank you to Karina Vernon and to our script consultant, Cheryl Foggo.

Fact-checking by Sean Young.

Additional reading:

· Order-in-Council P.C. 1911-1324 — the Proposed Ban on Black Immigration to Canada

· John Ware

· Black History in Canada: 1900-1960

· Cowboys and Cowgirls in Canada

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter, Instagram , and TikTok @HistoricaCanada and on Facebook facebook.com/Historica.Canada/

Strong and Free is produced by Historica Canada and Media Girlfriends.

This episode was written and produced by Hannah Sung.

Senior producers are Garvia Bailey and Hannah Sung.

Sound design and mix by Gabbie Clarke and David Moreau.

The Media Girlfriends team is rounded out by Josiane Blanc, Lucius Dechausay, Jeff Woodrow, and Nana aba Duncan, the founder of Media Girlfriends.

Thank you to Marishana Mabusela and to our script consultant, Adrienne Shadd.

Fact-checking by Sean Young.

Additional reading:

· Mary Ann Shadd

· Underground Railroad

· Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

· Black History in Canada Until 1900

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter, Instagram , and TikTok @HistoricaCanada and on Facebook at facebook.com/Historica.Canada/

Strong and Free is produced by Historica Canada and Media Girlfriends.

This episode was written and produced by Josiane Blanc.

Senior producers are Garvia Bailey and Hannah Sung.

Sound design and mix by David Moreau and Gabbie Clarke.

The Media Girlfriends team is rounded out by Lucius Dechausay, Jeff Woodrow, and Nana aba Duncan, the founder of Media Girlfriends.

Thank you to Ayana O’Shun, Denyse Beaugrand-Champagne, author of Le Procès de Marie-Josèphe-Angélique, and to Dr. Afua Cooper, author of The Hanging of Angélique: The Untold Story of Canadian Slavery and the Burning of Old Montréal.

Thank you to our script consultant, Dr. Dorothy Williams, historian and author.

Thank you to Dominique Fils-Aimé and Ensoul Records for the use of Dominique’s song “There is probably fire,” written by Dominique Fils-Aimé and Jacques G Roy. Published by Ensoul Records and Harris & Wolff.

Fact-checking by Sean Young.

English versioning by Power of Babel.

Additional reading:

• Marie-Josèphe Angélique
• Black Enslavement in Canada
• Chloe Cooley and the Act to Limit Slavery in Upper Canada
• Black History in Canada Until 1900

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter, Instagram , and TikTok @HistoricaCanada and on Facebook at facebook.com/Historica.Canada/

Strong and Free is produced by Historica Canada and Media Girlfriends.

This episode was written by Hannah Sung.

Senior producers are Garvia Bailey and Hannah Sung.

Sound design and mix by Gabbie Clarke and David Moreau.

The Media Girlfriends team is rounded out by Josiane Blanc, Lucius Dechausay, Jeff Woodrow, and Nana aba Duncan, the founder of Media Girlfriends.

Thank you to Bernice Carnegie and to our script consultant, Kwame Mason.

Fact-checking by Amy Van den Berg.

Thank you to TSN and Hockey Canada for use of the clip of Akil Thomas at the World Junior Hockey Championship of 2020.

Additional reading:

· Herb Carnegie

· Colored Hockey League

· Willie O’Ree

· National Hockey League

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter, Instagram , and TikTok @HistoricaCanada and on Facebook at facebook.com/Historica.Canada/

Strong and Free is produced by Historica Canada and Media Girlfriends.

This episode was written by Garvia Bailey.

Senior producers are Garvia Bailey and Hannah Sung.

Sound design and mix by Gabbie Clarke and David Moreau.

The Media Girlfriends team is rounded out by Josiane Blanc, Lucius Dechausay, Jeff Woodrow, and Nana aba Duncan, the founder of Media Girlfriends.

Thank you to Eva Bailey and to our script consultant, Karen Flynn, associate professor at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

Special thanks to the Bailey family.

The 1959 clip you heard in this episode was produced by The Calvin Company for a McGraw Hill Textbook series in a video called The Problem With Women.

Fact-checking by Amy van den Berg.

Additional reading:

· Black History in Canada: 1960 to Present

· West Indian Domestic Scheme

· Jean Augustine

· Caribbean Canadians

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter and Instagram, and TikTok @HistoricaCanada and on Facebook at facebook.com/Historica.Canada/

The Strong and Free podcast series is part of a larger Black History education campaign created by Historica Canada. Along with the podcast series, Historica Canada offers a video series, an education guide, and several new entries on The Canadian Encyclopedia about Black History in Canada.

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok @HistoricaCanada, and on Facebook at facebook.com/Historica.Canada/

For more resources, visit historicacanada.ca.