In the past decade, China has ramped up its engagement in the Middle East, a region which is far from China geographically, but carries growing importance in China’s foreign policy. Economically, China is the biggest importer of the Middle East oil, particularly from Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Chinese state-owned enterprises have invested heavily in the region under the Belt and Road Initiative with an emphasis on physical and digital infrastructure, including telecommunications, 5G connectivity, submarine optic cables, and security information systems. Diplomatically, China played a role in brokering a deal between Saudi Arabia and Iran, two longstanding regional rivals. Beijing has also been instrumental in expanding the BRICS multilateral mechanism to include four Middle East countries.

Securing access to vital natural resources is a key driver of Beijing’s intensified engagement in the Middle East. But China’s interests are broader and encompass economic, geopolitical and strategic considerations.

To further discuss China’s interests and evolving role in the Middle East, Michael Schuman joins host Bonnie Glaser. Michael is a nonresident senior fellow at the Global China Hub of the Atlantic Council and an author and journalist with more than 25 years of on-the-ground experience in Asia. He is the co-author of a recently published report by the Atlantic Council titled China’s Middle East policy shift from ‘hedging’ to ‘wedging.’

Timestamps

[00:00] Start

[02:06] China’s Interest in the Middle East

[04:23] Evaluating China’s Strategy of “Wedging”

[06:51] Evaluating China’s Position of Neutrality

[10:17] Factors Driving China’s Middle Eastern Strategy

[13:46] Chinese Bilateral and Multilateral Engagement

[16:08] China’s Energy Ties with the Middle East

[19:41] Implications for the United States

[24:19] Limits to Chinese Engagement

The Global South is a term that covers a broad swath of developing countries and emerging economies in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania. It is a grouping of over 130 heterogenous countries that is pushing to enhance its voice in global decision making.

China, which self-identifies as a leader of the developing world, has a long history of engaging with the developing world. Under Xi Jinping, Beijing has deepened its ties with Global South countries through economic investment, diplomatic engagement, and security cooperation. Meanwhile, developed countries from the wealthier and more industrialized Global North are stepping up efforts to counter Chinese influence and win support from Global South countries.

What are China’s interests in the Global South? What are the key strategies and tactics that Beijing utilizes to influence and engage with those countries? How have countries in the Global South responded to China’s influence? And how will intensified Sino-American rivalry impact developing countries in the future?

To discuss these issues, host Bonnie Glaser is joined by Mr. Masaaki Yatsuzuka, Senior Research Fellow at the China Division of the Regional Studies Department at the National Institute for Defense Studies in Japan (NIDS). He is the co-author of the recently published report titled “The Rising Global South and China.”

Timestamps

[00:00] Start

[01:55] Resurgent Interest in the Global South

[04:28] Engaging Developing Countries

[06:51] Economic Tools and Mechanisms to Exert Influence

[08:55] Motivation for Expanding Military Presence

[12:33] Perceptions of China in the Global South

[15:07] Why does China’s involvement in the Global South matter?

[17:39] US-China Competition Impacting the Global South

[19:00] India, Brazil, and Other Rising Powers

[20:35] Tokyo’s Concerns Over China’s Influence

[22:41] Response to Increased Attention Paid to Developing Countries

[24:37] China’s Reaction to the Trump Administration

Space, once a distant destination, has become yet another battleground for great power competition. Since the early days of the People’s Republic of China, the country has been pursuing a series of ambitious space programs aimed to build up its space capacity as an essential element of its comprehensive national power. In recent years, under the Xi Jinping regime, Beijing has significantly increased its investment in its civilian space program efforts. It has a plan to send Chinese Taikonauts to the Moon before the US can return. As the US-China strategic competition continues to heighten, it is vital to assess China’s space policy and its role in China’s grand strategy.

To discuss these issues, host Bonnie Glaser is joined by Dean Cheng, senior advisor to the China program at the U.S. Institute of Peace and a nonresident fellow with George Washington University’s Space Policy Institute. Dean focuses on China’s space program, Chinese military doctrine, and “dual-use” issues associated with China’s scientific and technical enterprises. He also recently published a book titled China and the New Moon Race.

Timestamp

[00:00] Start

[01:54] Space Race 2.0

[03:27] Space in China’s Grand Strategy

[05:27] Achievements of China’s Space Program

[07:18] Similarities and Differences in China’s Approach

[09:14] Nature of Public-Private Cooperation in China

[12:42] Implications of Landing on the Moon

[15:30] A Chinese Incident in Space

[17:00] International Lunar Research Station

[18:50] Responses to China’s Space Ambitions

[21:03] Problems in the US-China Civilian Space Race

[23:20] Stars and Stripes on Mars