Let’s begin by noting something that Jonah did right. “He prayed to the LORD” (4:2). In chapter 1, Jonah was unhappy with God, and he ran from the Lord. In chapter 4, Jonah was unhappy with God, and he prayed to the Lord. That’s progress.

But Jonah’s prayer is a complaint against God—not just about what God does, but about who God is! “I knew that you are a gracious God and merciful, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love.” He is quoting one of the great statements of the character of God. It comes from Exodus 34:6-7, and it was regularly repeated among God’s people as an expression of praise.

But Jonah turns it back to God as a complaint: “God is too slow in dealing with evil.” The people of Nineveh were wicked, and they would return to evil even if they stopped for a time. Jonah was sure of this, and he was right!

A later generation of Ninevites destroyed the northern kingdom of Israel with great brutality. The book of Nahum lays out the excruciating evil that could have been avoided, if only God had destroyed Nineveh. Jonah saw this coming, and God’s mercy made him mad!

Haven’t you wondered about God’s strange providence in ordering the world? Think of the evil and suffering that could have been spared if God had wiped out Hitler or Stalin or Bin Laden early in life. Yet He let them live! Why?

Reflect on the ways God has been gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love in your own life.

You would think that a man who had seen miracles of grace in his own life and in his ministry would be full of praise and thanksgiving. Here we see something different.

Jonah was a mature believer. He was a prophet. He was a missionary. You would think that he would be filled with joy in serving God. But he is angry and frustrated and out of sorts with the God he served.

Jonah was not the only one to experience this. Asaph was the director of worship for King David. He says, “My feet had almost stumbled.” Why? “I saw the prosperity of the wicked” (Ps. 73:2-3). It seemed that God was kinder to His enemies than to His friends! So, Asaph said, “All in vain have I kept my heart clean” (73:13).

There is a particular darkness that can come to those who work hardest in the Lord’s service. Resentment towards God is the special temptation of mature believers who serve Him well. It is easy to feel that God owes you.

How is it that we can experience God’s grace in our own lives and ministry and still struggle with the God we love? How is it possible to be in the middle of a great work of God and yet to find no joy in it?

Jonah shows us one of the most common ways in which a mature believer can avoid a God-centred life. You serve God and end up resenting the God you serve.

If you have sacrificed much for Christ, you are likely to experience this trial. And you need to know how to deal with it. We will see how this resentment grew in Jonah’s life and how God dealt with Jonah to deliver him from it.

When have you felt this temptation of resentment towards God?

What happened in Nineveh was remarkable. This kind of transformation does not always happen when we bring God’s message. Why not?

There’s God’s Word, and there’s God’s man or woman, but there is also God’s time. You can’t force that. But you can pray for it. You never know when He is going to change a person’s life.

Some may say, “We should just sit back and let God do what He wants to do in His own time.” No! Revival is God’s gift. Evangelism is His command. We don’t sit back and wait for God’s moment. We follow Jonah’s example. We bring God’s Word, and we pray that in His mercy He will move in the hearts of those who hear.

Some question if there was a genuine revival in Nineveh. One generation later, the Assyrians invaded the northern kingdom of Israel, and God’s people scattered. A century later, Nineveh was destroyed. That’s what the prophecy of Nahum is about—God’s judgement on the city.

In heaven, you will meet many people who lived in Nineveh during the time of Jonah. But you may not meet many who lived there a century later. When Jonah went to Nineveh, it was God’s time for that great city.

All we can do is offer all that we are and all that we have for the advance of the gospel in our time. Every generation stands responsible before God for what we have done with the sacred trust of the gospel.

Are you sitting back and waiting for God’s moment, or are you offering all you have for the advance of the gospel?

Did Jonah tell the people of Nineveh about his own experience? It seems likely he did, for two reasons:

1. The words of the king
“Who knows? God may turn and relent and turn from his fierce anger, so that we may not perish” (Jon. 3:9). Where did the king get that idea? How would he have had any hope in the mercy and compassion of God? If the king knew Jonah’s story, he could say, “If God saved Jonah, perhaps He will have compassion on us.”

2. The words of Jesus
“As Jonah became a sign to the people of Nineveh, so will the Son of Man be to this generation” (Lk. 11:30). How was Jonah a sign to the Ninevites? Jesus says, “Just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth” (Mat. 12:40). If being in the fish was a sign to the Ninevites, Jonah must have told them about it with a passion born from his own experience:

“Let me tell you what happened to me! When God called me to come here, I did not want to come. So, I got on a boat headed for Tarshish, but God sent a storm. I felt sure I was finished. But the God whose judgement I deserved saved me. He sent me to tell you that your wickedness has come before Him, just as mine did. Forty days and Nineveh will be destroyed.”

God never wastes a thing. He can use your failures, your trauma, your shame, the desperate moments of your life to advance the gospel.

Is there a failure in your own life that God could use to reach others?

Nineveh was a large city. People in the great cities of the world live relentless lives. We are consumed with what is happening now: running businesses, raising families, enjoying sports.

Jonah arrives and says, “Let me tell you what’s coming. Forty more days and Nineveh will be destroyed.”

Authentic gospel preaching always engages people with eternal issues. That is where Jesus began: “The kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel” (Mk. 1:15). Paul begins Romans with the awful reality of God’s judgement: “The wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men” (Rom. 1:18).

Jonah begins there too: “Forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown!” Whatever you are doing now, there is God, and there is eternity, and it is nearer than you think.

This probably wasn’t the only thing that Jonah said. But it was the core of his message, and everyone knew it. God burned that one sentence into the hearts of the people of Nineveh.

Cities change when people hear the Word of God.

Even if people are not converted, hearing the Word brings an awareness of God into the culture, and “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge” (Prov. 1:7). More than that, where God’s Word is heard, lives will be changed. “Faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ” (Rom. 10:17).

So many people in our cities are comfortably absorbed in their daily lives and do not think about eternity. It would be a good thing if more of them heard God’s Word.

How might you share God’s Word in your city?

It was not a foregone conclusion that Jonah would go to Nineveh when God called him a second time. Nothing had changed in Nineveh, so Jonah still had at least four objections to overcome:

1. Fear
The Assyrians were still known for terror and torture. Jonah still had to face his old fears.

2. Shame
Jonah had failed the Lord greatly. His sin had been exposed, and he must have wondered, “How can God use me?” Jonah had to get over his shame to obey God’s call.

3. Self-Interest
The Assyrian army was the greatest threat to God’s people, and Nineveh was one of the great Assyrian cities. Jonah feared that God would have compassion on Nineveh (4:2).

4. Unbelief
Can God really change a wicked city through one man speaking God’s Word? Nineveh had not changed, but by grace Jonah had, and when God’s Word came the second time, Jonah rose obediently and went to Nineveh (3:3).

What happened in Nineveh was an extraordinary work of God. The Ninevites believed God, and they declared a fast and put on sackcloth (3:5). Even the king sat in sackcloth in the dust (3:6) — an expression of humility and penitence before God.

The king issued a proclamation that everyone “call out mightily to God… [and] turn from his evil way... God may turn and relent and turn from his fierce anger, so that we may not perish” (3:8-9). By any standard, this is an amazing transformation.

Which of these four barriers to obedience are you struggling with now?

Here are three things we learn from the ship’s crew about pursuing a God-centred life:

1. Turn to God and ask Him for mercy
“They called out to the LORD” (1:14).
The crew saw that their religion was worthless. They abandoned all other gods. What mattered was finding peace with this God who made the land and the sea, who sends storms, and who speaks through prophets to save them! So, they cried, “O Lord, let us not perish for this man’s life… for you… have done as it pleased you” (1:14). In other words, “Lord, have mercy on us!”

2. Abandon self-rescue and stake your life on Jesus Christ
“They picked up Jonah and hurled him into the sea, and the sea ceased from its raging” (1:15).
These men saw their guilt in the sacrifice. Yet to their amazement they found salvation through the sacrifice. “We crucified the Son of God—that’s our guilt. Yet He laid down his life as a sacrifice to placate God’s wrath for us—that is our salvation.”

3. Pledge your redeemed life to Jesus Christ
“They offered a sacrifice to the LORD and made vows” (1:16).
Many people make vows to God in the middle of a storm. These men made vows to God after He delivered them. That shows a real change of heart. These men knew that they had come back from the dead. And their new life had been bought with a price (Jonah’s). They felt that they were no longer their own, so they pledged their redeemed lives to God.

Which of these steps could you take today?

How did Jonah know that the sea would become calm if the crew threw him out of the boat? There can only be one answer: God revealed it.

When Jonah’s sin was exposed, God’s silence was ended, and Jonah spoke as a prophet again. This prophetic word was a command from God: “Sacrifice Jonah and you will be saved.” The sacrifice of Jonah will be the salvation of the crew.

Notice that the crew’s first instinct is to refuse the sacrifice: Nevertheless, the men rowed hard to get back to dry land” (1:13). Feel the weight of this picture. God has spoken through the prophet. But these men think they can save themselves without the sacrifice!

The strength of this impulse to refuse the sacrifice is significant. A deep-seated pride in the human heart says, “We can make it through the judgement of God. We’ll just row harder.” That is the polar opposite of a God-centred life!

When the crew realised that they could not beat the storm, they turned in their desperation to what God had said through the prophet. They staked their lives on the sacrifice of Jonah.

God’s storm is stronger than you are. You can’t overcome sin enough or make yourself good enough to survive God’s judgement. The storm of His judgement will wreck you unless you are saved by the sacrifice of Someone else.

That is why Jesus Christ came into the world. That is why He went to the cross. He was cast out as a sacrifice to calm the wrath of God on your behalf. He died on that cross so that you should survive God’s judgement against sin.

Has pride been causing you to “row harder”? What will it take for you to stop refusing Jesus’ sacrifice?