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Eduard Bernstein was a social-democratic politician and Marxist theorist. He had a deep knowledge of all of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’ work, but was also willing to criticize certain aspects of their political theories and generate counter theories and solutions. In What Marx Really Taught, a short letter penned by Bernstein in 1897, he discusses indeed how valuable Engels was in terms of the creation of the Marxist idea, but also discussed mistakes made by both he and Marx, in their later publications.

The birth of liberation movements in the C19th saw a rise in fighting for the rights of workers. William Morris believed decries the belief “not that Commerce was made for man, but that man was made for Commerce”, with the profit motive that renders all work miserable when “It is right and necessary that all men should have work to do which shall be worth doing, and be of itself pleasant to do; and which should be done under such conditions as would make it neither over-wearisome nor over-anxious.”