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An Essay on Demonology, Ghosts and Apparitions, and Popular Superstitions was written by James Thacher, and first published in 1871. It contains sections on ghosts and apparitions, the power of the imagination, superstition, witchcraft and sorcery, among others. This work is an essential addition to the libraries of researchers of the dark arts.

William James propounded his theories of pragmatism in this book. He emphasized "radical empiricism" and the concept that the meaning of any idea - philosophical, political, social, or otherwise - only has validity in terms of its experiential and practical consequences. He wished to test competing systems of thought in the "marketplace of actual experience" to determine whether adopting a particular philosophical theory or way of looking at the world makes an actual difference in individual conduct or in how people perceive and react to the varieties of experience.

A Pluralistic Universe by the philosopher and psychologist William James (1842-1910) is based on a series of lectures held at Oxford University in 1908. James is mainly concerned with the nature of relations, stating the possibility of external relations which were excluded from monistic idealism. James maintains that we are guided by beliefs that we attempt to justify in order to keep our beliefs going.