World Art History

Driven by different motives, Robert Moses and Francis Cardinal Spellman had the same vision: to display Michelangelo's masterpiece, the Pietà, in the Vatican's pavilion at the 1964 World's Fair in New York City.

In the fall of 1943, armed with only his notebooks and pencils, Time and Life correspondent Robert L. Sherrod leapt from the safety of a landing craft and waded through neck-deep water and a hail of bullets to reach the shores of the Tarawa atoll with the US Marine Corps. Living shoulder to shoulder with the marines, Sherrod chronicled combat and the marines' day-to-day struggles as they leapfrogged across the Central Pacific, battling the Japanese on Tarawa, Saipan, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.

Who made the first snowman? Who first came up with the idea of placing snowballs on top of each other, and who decided they would use a carrot for a nose? Most puzzling of all: How can this mystery ever be solved, with all the evidence long since melted? The snowman appears everywhere on practically everything - from knickknacks to greeting cards to seasonal sweaters we plan to return.

At the end of 1941, it seemed to many people, especially in Germany, that the war was virtually over. Some began to consider what a postwar Europe would look like after a Nazi victory. With nothing to stop them, the Nazis became the most rapacious looters of art the world had ever seen, to the extent that it has been estimated that the Nazis may have acquired up to 20 percent of all art in Western Europe. Some works were returned after the war, many disappeared, and still others have become the subject of intense speculation.

The Louvre. The very name conjures up scenes of art and elegance, and of long halls filled with beauty and people strolling through them whispering quietly among themselves about the glories they are witnessing. Even those who have never been to the Louvre know some of its most prized possessions, from ancient statues to Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa. As the world's largest museum, the Louvre is the cultural highpoint of Paris, a city that has long been considered the cultural center of Europe.

World War I, also known in its time as the “Great War” or the “War to End all Wars”, was an unprecedented holocaust in terms of its sheer scale. Fought by men who hailed from all corners of the globe, it saw millions of soldiers do battle in brutal assaults of attrition which dragged on for months with little to no respite.

In Detestable and Wicked Arts, Paul B. Moyer places early New England's battle against black magic in a transatlantic perspective. Moyer provides an accessible and comprehensive examination of witch prosecutions in the Puritan colonies that discusses how their English inhabitants understood the crime of witchcraft, why some people ran a greater risk of being accused of occult misdeeds, and how gender intersected with witch-hunting.

The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Late Spring and Autumn Period (roughly fifth century BC). The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu , is composed of 13 chapters. Each chapter is devoted to an aspect of warfare and how it applies to military strategy and tactics. For almost 1,500 years The Art of War has been the lead text in an anthology that would be formalised as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080.

Written in the fifth century BCE, by Sun Tzu and Wu Tzu, it remains one of the most celebrated works on war in the literature of China. While the chariot is gone and weapons have changed, these ancient masters have held their own. Since they deal chiefly with the fundamental principles of war, with the influence of politics and human nature on military operations, they show most strikingly how unchanging these principles are.

Никколо Макиавелли (1469 - 1527) - итальянский мыслитель, философ, писатель, политический деятель - занимал во Флоренции пост секретаря второй канцелярии, отвечал за дипломатические связи республики, автор военно-теоретических трудов. Выступал сторонником сильной государственной власти, для укрепления которой допускал применение любых средств, что выразил в прославленном труде "Государь", опубликованном в 1532 году.

The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise attributed to Sun Tzu, a high-ranking military general, strategist, and tactician. The text is composed of 13 chapters, each devoted to one aspect of warfare. It is commonly considered to be the definitive work on military strategy and tactics of its time. It has been the most famous and influential of China's Seven Military Classics, and "for the last 2,000 years it remained the most important military treatise in Asia, where even the common people knew it by name."

The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from about the fifth century BCE. The work contains a detailed explanation and analysis of the Chinese military, from weapons and strategy to rank and discipline. It also stresses the importance of intelligence operatives and espionage to the war effort.

Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline. The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger.

Thought to have been written over 3,000 years ago, this missive has been included as a course of study in the US Marine Corps and military academies. These precepts have destroyed nations and built business empires. An executive, a general, a congressman, a businessperson, a student, or anybody just wanting to get ahead should pay heed to this missive.

Marcel Reich-Ranicki spricht seine Essays selbst. Welche Funktion hat Literaturkritik? An wen wendet sie sich? Was will sie erreichen? Seit mindestens zweihundertfünfzig Jahren werden diese Fragen gestellt und mehr oder weniger erregt debattiert, denn sie treffen ins Zentrum des literarischen Lebens. Marcel Reich-Ranicki, die deutsche Institution der Literaturkritik, hat dazu scharfzüngige, kenntnisreiche und großartig formulierte Essays verfasst.

The Art of War has been applied to many fields outside of the military. Many business books have applied the lessons taken from the book to office politics and corporate business strategy. Many Japanese companies make the book required reading for their key executives. The book is also popular among Western business circles citing its utilitarian value regarding management practices. Many entrepreneurs and corporate executives have turned to it for inspiration and advice on how to succeed in competitive business situations.

The Art of Conversation: Twelve Golden Rules is a timeless classic originally published in 1907.

Scandal, shock, and rivalry all have negative connotations, don't they? They can be catastrophic to businesses and individual careers. A whiff of scandal can turn a politician into a smoking ruin. But these potentially disastrous "negatives" can and have spurred the world of fine art to new heights. A look at the history of art tells us that rivalries have, in fact, not only benefited the course of art, from ancient times to the present, but have also helped shape our narrative of art, lending it a sense of drama that it might otherwise lack.

Over 125 years ago the Columbian Exposition was staged in Chicago on Lake Michigan's shoreline. Visitors from around the country and world were first introduced to many industrial technologies and commercial offerings that would shape 20th-century culture.

Eine Jugend in Deutschland, voller Hoffnung und voller Enttäuschung: Als Freiwilliger zieht Ernst Toller begeistert in den Ersten Weltkrieg und kehrt, für kriegsuntauglich erklärt, als bekennender Pazifist zurück. In München schlägt er sich im November 1918 auf die Seite der Revolution, wird zum Anführer der Räterepublik und erlebt deren tragisches Scheitern. Er wird geächtet, festgenommen und zu fünf Jahren Festungshaft verurteilt. Als er im Juli 1924 das Gefängnis verlässt, ist Ernst Toller eine internationale Berühmtheit.