Some homegrown businesses and neighborhood restaurants flourish in Burma, thanks for the power of viral posts and social media. But fake news of levitating monks and strange omens also spread online, like wildfire. While not exactly fake news, inaccurate news and old news also tend to resurface from time to time, stirring up racial tension or raising false hopes. In this episode of Learn Burmese from Natural Talk, my cohost Mol Mol from BLAY (Burmese Language Academy of Yangon) and I discuss the good, the bad, and the ugly sides of social media. (Photo by Lanlao, licensed from Shutterstock. Music courtesy of Pixabay)

Vocabulary

ကောင်းကျိုး benefits
ဆိုးကျိုး negative impact
မီးပုံးပျံ aerial balloon
ရင်တထိတ်ထိတ် anxiously (adverb, literally, with the heart beating fast)
လူမှုရေးကွန်ရက် social network
လူမှုရေး social
ကွန်ရက် / ပိုက်ကွန် network
သတင်းမှား fake news
ကောလာဟလ rumors
ပွဲဆူအောင် to stir up things
ပဋိပက္ခ riot, conflict
ဆဲလဖီ ဆွဲတယ် to take selfie
ဆဲလဖီ တင်တယ် to post selfie
ဆဲလီ celebrity
ဝေခွဲလို့မရဘူး cannot determine
ဈာန်ကြွတယ် to levitate, to float by spiritual means
Google ခေါက်တယ် to search in Google
Google လိုက် go ahead and use Google
နှလုံးရောဂါ heart disease
သုံးသပ်တယ် to analyze
ချဉ်းကပ်တယ် to approach
စကားချိုသွေးတယ် to sweet-talk
ဂျင်းမိတယ် to be deceived, to be taken advantage of (slang)
ဂျင်းထည့်တယ် to deceive, to take advantage of (slang)
ပေါက်သွားတယ် to become popular, to go viral online (slang)
ကျမ်းကိုးကျမ်းကား cited sources
ငွေသား cash, money
ပိတ်ပင်တားဆီး to forbid

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Given a choice, would you rather drink the Kool-Aid, or the bitter rainwater (မိုးခါးရေ)? The phrase “to drink the Kool-Aid,” meaning to embrace an irrational, foolish, or dangerous popular ideology, is associated with the tragic episode involving the American cult leader Jim Jones. The Burmese equivelent is "to drink the bitter rainwater" (မိုးခါးရေသောက်တယ်), stemming from the folktale about a kingdrom where everyone, save but a few wise citizens, drank the toxic rainwater and became insane.

The Burmese moviemaker Ko Pauk, who left the country after the military coup of 2021 and joined the resistance, made a documentary honoring the activists in the civil disobedience movement. Though it was released under the English title "The Road Not Taken," the original Burmese title was မသောက်မိသောမိုးခါးရေ ("The Bitter Rainwater I Refused to Drink"). The songwriter and singer ဆောင်းဦးလှိုင် (Hsaung Oo Hlaing) recently released a song titled မိုးခါးရေ ("Bitter Rainwater").

To learn more about the folktale behind the phrase and how to use the expression to talk about taking a stand or caving to pressure, listen to this episode of Bite-Size Burmese. (Illustration by Burmese artist Nyan Kyal Say, NK Artbox; Intro and end music: "When my ukulele plays" by Soundroll, Upbeat.io.)

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Why are the robes woven on full-moon night of တန်ဆောင်မုန်း , the 8th month in the Burmese lunar calendar, called, မသိုးသင်္ကန်း , literally, unspoiled robes? What is the legend of the origin of the practice called ပံ့သကူ to leave out items that others can take away? And what kind of mischiefs or troubles are you allowed to cause on the night called ကျီးမနိုးပွဲ , the carnival of the sleeping crows, or သူခိုးကြီးည , the night of the thieves? These phrases are associated with တန်ဆောင်တိုင် Tazaungdaing Festival, which marks the end of the rainy season, and ကထိန် Kathina, which marks the end of Lent in many Buddhist countries in Southeast Asia. In this episode, my guest Su, a Burmese teacher in Chiang Mai, and I discuss the history, legends, and stories behind these phrases. (Photo: a girl lighting candles in a temple in Bagan, by f11photo, licensed from Shutterstock; music clips from Uppbeat.io)

Vocabulary

ဝရုန်းသုန်းကား in a messy, chaotic fashion (adverb)
တန်ဆောင်တိုင် Tazaungdaing festival, marks the end of rain
ကထိန် Kathina festival, marks the end of Buddhist Lent
ပဒေသာပင် a frame for attaching donated objects
သင်္ကန်း a monk’s robe
စုပေါင်းမဟာဘုံကထိန် communal donation
မသိုးသင်္ကန်း robes woven in a single day
သင်္ကန်းရက်တယ် to weave robe
သင်္ကန်းကပ်တယ် to offer robe
ပုဂ္ဂိုလ် person (respectful usage)
ကျီးမနိုးပွဲ carnival of the sleeping crows (night for harmless mischief)
သူခိုးကြီးည night of thieves (night of mischief)
အအိပ်ဆတ်တယ် to be easily awakened
ထိုးကွင်းထိုးတယ် to get tattooed
ဆေးအောင်တယ် the tattoo proves magical
ထိပ်တုံးခတ်တယ် to lock up in a pillory
ဆေးမင်ကြောင် tattoo
အင်းကွက် magical diagrams
တုတ်ပြီး ဓားပြီး staff-proof, sword-proof
ပံ့သကူပစ်တယ် / ပံ့သကူစွန့်တယ် to cast away something as a donation
ပံ့သကူကောက်တယ် to pick up cast away items
ဖန်ရည် liquid from boiled tree barks
ဖန်ရည်ဆိုးတယ် to dye with liquid from boiled tree barks
အပေါက်ဆိုးတယ် to be bad-tempered
လူကုံထံ the wealthy, the rich
သင်္ကန်းရုံတယ် to drape a robe
ဒလိန့်ခေါက်ကွေး (to fall) in a roll
နိဗ္ဗာန်ဈေး a general giveaway by raffle (figuratively called Nirvana market)
စတုဒိသာ a feast, an event that serves meals to the general public
အယုတ်အလတ်အမြတ်မရွေး regardless of class or virtue
မီးခိုးတိတ် smokeless (unnecessary to cook)
ထမင်းရည် juice left from cooking rice in a pot
ထမင်းရည်ချောင်းစီး rice juice flows like a river
အဟာရ nutritious
ထန်းလျက် jaggery

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Do you know the legend of မဖဲဝါ Ma Phe Wah, the graveyard guardian spirit in disheveled hair, dressed in a yellow outfit? And do you know the origin of the Burmese word စုန်း for witches? How about the two different branches of sorcery, အထက်လမ်း and အောက်လမ်း, quite literally the high path and the low path? If you don’t, grab your wicked candies, your pumpkin spiced latte, and join me and my cohost Mol Mol from BLAY, or Burmese Language Academy of Yangon. In this Halloween special episode, we are talking about Burmese witches, sorcerers, bewitching curses, and some ways to undo them. (Illustration generated by AI in Microsoft Designer. Music clips from Uppbeat.io)

Vocabulary

စုန်း / ကဝေ witches
မျက်လှည့် sleight of hand
မှော်ဆရာ wizard, sorcerer
တစ်ဆင့်စကားတစ်ဆင့်နား hearsay, word of mouth
ကိုယ်တွေ့ အတွေ့အကြုံ personal experience
အသွင်အပြင် appearance
ပင်လယ်စုန်း sea witch, unexplainable fire or light at sea, similar to St. Elmo’s Fire
အထက်လမ်း white magic, noble sorcery
အောက်လမ်း black magic, wicked sorcery
ဗေဒင်ဟောတယ် to predict the future
ယတြာချေတယ် to counter an ill omen
ကျိန်စာတိုက်တယ် to put a curse on someone
လူဝင်စား reincarnation
သရဲ တစ္ဆေ ghosts
သင်္ချိုင်းစောင့် guardian of the cemetery
ဆံပင်ဖားဖား long, unkept hair
တွေ့လိုတွေ့ငြား hoping to meet (the ghost) by chance
သိုက် site of hidden treasure, often protected by supernatural means
ဥစ္စာစောင့် treasure-guarding spirit
သိုက်ကလာတယ် slang, he/she is a snob; he/she won’t mingle with ordinary folks
ခနဲ့တယ် to mock
ပြုစားတယ် to possess, to bewitch
အပနှင်တယ် to exorcise, to drive away an evil spirit
အာနိသင် potency
ပရိတ်ကြိုး blessed string amulet
ပရိတ်ရေ blessed water
စွပ်စွဲတယ် to accuse
ရေပန်းစားတယ် to be popular

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In Myanmar or Burma, October is the month of Thadingyut, the festival of light. For the children, it's a rare excuse to play with fireworks, sparkles, and even firecrackers. For young people and couples, it’s a chance to take a stroll along the bright-lit streets and the festival market, to sample the crispy fritters and grilled meat in the food stalls, and to buy handmade crafts and toys, like fish-shaped paper lanterns and demon figurines with movable limbs. In this episode, my friend Su, a Thailand-based Burmese languge teacher, and I share our favorite things to do during Thadingyut, and explain the words, phrases, and expressions related to the festival. So grab your sparkles and celebrate the festival of light from our childhood. Music clips from Uppbeat.io)

Vocabulary

သီတင်းကျွတ် Thadingyut, the festival of light

ဖယောင်းတိုင်ထွန်းတယ် to light candles

နည်းနည်းနောနောမဟုတ်ဘူး not trivial, not insignificant

ကျင်းပတယ် to celebrate, to hold (an event or festival)

မိုးလေကင်းလွတ်တယ် to be free of rain and wind, to have temperate weather

အငြင်းပွားစရာ debatable

ဘီလူးရုပ် demon figure

ယမင်းရုပ် figure of a dancing maiden

ချားရဟတ် Ferris wheel

ရင်တလှပ်လှပ်ဖြစ်တယ် the heart beats erratically from excitement

အသည်းငယ်တယ် to have a weak heart, to be easily frightened

မအီမသာဖြစ်တယ် to feel uncomfortable, to be queasy

အူ၊ ကလီစာ intestines and internal organs

အဘိဓမ္မာ Abhidharma

ကျေးဇူးဆပ်တယ် to return a favor, to repay a debt of gratitude

အထွတ်အမြတ် paragon, pinnacle

စောင်းတန်း corridor

ဗြဟ္မာ a type of heavenly spirits

အလေ့အထ tradition

ဒေဝါလီ Diwali, Hindu festival of light

နွယ်တယ် to be intertwined, to be related

မီးရှူးမီးပန်း fireworks

မီးပန်းဆော့တယ် to play with sparkles

ဗျောက်အိုး firecracker

ကာလသား young men, especially unmarried

ငရဲမီး flame from burning acid

အိမ်စောင့်နတ် guardian spirit of the home

ဆီမီး cup-shaped oil lamp

မျှောတယ် to float something in the water

ကန်တော့တယ် to pay homage

ဝပ်တွား to crouch

ဆွေမျိုးမိတ်သဟာ kinsmen and friends

ဆင်နွှဲတယ် to join the festivities

ဆွမ်း၊ ဘောစဉ် alms (for monks and nuns)

ပြိုးပြိုးပြက်ပြက် to be sparkling, bright

Have a question about a Burmese word or phrase you heard here? Send us a message.

Do you have a brother or sister from another belly? Most of you probably do. The Burmese term အကိုတစ်ဝမ်းကွဲ or ညီမတစ်ဝမ်းကွဲ , literally brother or sister from another belly, refers to the son or daughter of your uncle or aunt -- in other words, your first cousin. In English, you wouldn't refer to such relatives as your "brother" or "sister," but many Burmese often call them အကို "brother" or ညီမ "sister," opting to drop the qualifier တစ်ဝမ်းကွဲ for "one belly removed" or "one womb away."

Since your first cousins are တစ်ဝမ်းကွဲ "one belly removed," naturally, your second cousins -- related to you by your grandparents' siblinghood -- are referred to as "နှစ်ဝမ်းကွဲ" or "two bellies removed."

The word ဝမ်း for "belly" is often the root word in emotion-related words, such as ဝမ်းသာတယ် (literally, excessive belly) for "to be happy or delighted," and ဝမ်းနည်းတယ် (literally, reduced belly) for "to be unhappy or sad." Then there's the expression တစ်စိတ်တည်းတစ်ဝမ်းတည်း "of a single mind, a single belly" that means "to see things the same way, to share the same view." So if you and your cousin happen be in agreement on something, you could say ကျွန်တော်နဲ့ ကျွန်တော့်အကိုတစ်ဝမ်းကွဲဟာ တစ်စိတ်တည်းတစ်ဝမ်းတည်းပါ "I and my brother from another belly are of the same mind, the same belly" -- an inadvertent self-contradiction that might prompt chuckles from your audience.

For more on these quirky expressions, listen to the latest episode of Bite-Size Burmese. (Illustration AI-generated: Microsoft Image Creator; Intro and end music: "When my ukulele plays" by Soundroll, Upbeat.io. With thanks to my Burmese friends Nyunt Wai Moe and Zaw Min Oo for confirming the use of the kinship terms.)

Vocabulary

• အကိုတစ်ဝမ်းကွဲ first cousin, older male (older brother, one belly removed)
• ညီမတစ်ဝမ်းကွဲ first cousin, younger female (younger sister, one belly removed)
• အကိုနှစ်ဝမ်းကွဲ second cousin, older male (older brother, two bellies removed)
• ညီမနှစ်ဝမ်းကွဲ second cousin, younger female (younger sister, two bellies removed)
• တစ်စိတ်တည်းတစ်ဝမ်းတည်း of the same view (to be of the same mind, same belly)
• တစ်သွေးတည်းတစ်သားတည်း of the same view (to be of the same blood, the same flesh)
• စိတ်ဝမ်းကွဲတယ် to be in disagreement, to be divided (to be of a different mind and belly)
• သွေးကွဲတယ် to be in disagreement, to be divided (to be of different blood)

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In the western culture, people often shrink from number 13. Noone wants to go out on Friday the 13th, and some businesses go so far as to skip the 13th floor's button in their elevators. In Burmese culture, people love number nine. When looking for a new place, many would look for a house address divisible by nine. And if they’re about to go on a sea journey, they summon the nat or deity known as U Shin Gyi, and offer a special meal to him, because he’s believed to rule over the sea, never mind that, in the story of his origin, he died from drowning.

Logic doesn’t explain these beliefs, but superstition might. In this episode, my cohost Mol Mol from Burmese Language Academy of Yangon (BLAY) and I discuss long-held superstitions and what might have been the logical reasons for these outlandish beliefs. In the spirit of curiosity, join us for a talk on invisible spirits and unlucky numbers. (Photo by Patchanokk, a worshiper with Bo Bo Gyi at Botahtaung Pagoda, licensed from Shutterstock; Music clips from Uppbeat.io)

Vocabulary

အင်တာနက် လိုင်းကျတယ် the internet connection dropped
အယူသီးတယ် to be superstitious
တူတူပုန်းတယ် / တူတူပုန်းတမ်းကစားတယ် to play hide-and-seek
နတ်ဖွက်တယ် to be kidnapped by the spirits
လက်တွေ့ကျတယ် to be pragmatic
စေတနာ goodwill, good intention
တားမြစ်တယ် to forbid
ဂမုန်းပင် Chinese evergreen, spilt milk, Aglaonema
ဥစ္စာစီးပွား material wealth, prosperity
လာဘ်ရွှင်တယ် to be lucky
ကိုးနဝင်းကျေတယ် / ကိုးနဝင်းအောင်တယ် to be divisible by nine, to total up to nine
ဂြိုဟ်မွှေတယ် to be oppressed by a planet
ရာသီခွင် the zodiac circle
နတ်ယုံတယ် to believe in animistic spirits
(သင်္ဘောသား) သင်္ဘောထွက်တယ် (a sailor) travels by trip
ဦးရှင်ကြီး U Shin Gyi, a spirit known for protecting seafarers
တူကိုတည့်တည့်စိုက်တယ် to stick the chopsticks straight up
အသုဘ funeral
တလျော်ကင်ပွန်း roots used for washing away bad luck
အသုဘပို့တယ် to attend a funeral
သုသာန် burial ground, cemetery
ယုတ္တိရှိတယ် to be logical
ဘုန်းနိမ့်တယ် to lose one’s aura
ထဘီလှန်းတယ် to dry women’s sarongs in the sun
တဘောင် prophetic songs and verses
နတ်စာကျွေးတယ် to offer something to a spirit
အထအနကောက်တယ် to read the prophetic signs
အတိတ်နမိတ်ကောက်တယ် to read the prophetic signs
မင်းဆက်ပြတ်တယ် the dynasty ended
ဓာတ်ခွဲခန်း laboratory
အထောက်အထား evidence
နောက်မီးလင်းတယ် to have an affair
ကပ်ကြေး scissors
ဗေဒင်ကြည့်တယ် to see a fortuneteller

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